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[PATCH v2] WIP: Evaluate arguments of correlated SubPlans in the referencing ExprState
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* [PATCH v1] WIP: Evaluate arguments of correlated SubPlans in the referencing ExprState
@ 2023-02-25 21:39 Andres Freund <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Andres Freund @ 2023-02-25 21:39 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/include/nodes/execnodes.h       |  1 -
 src/backend/executor/execExpr.c     | 81 +++++++++++++++++------------
 src/backend/executor/execProcnode.c |  5 ++
 src/backend/executor/nodeSubplan.c  | 30 +++++------
 4 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h b/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
index 20f4c8b35f3..437cf8b5a02 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
@@ -947,7 +947,6 @@ typedef struct SubPlanState
 	struct PlanState *planstate;	/* subselect plan's state tree */
 	struct PlanState *parent;	/* parent plan node's state tree */
 	ExprState  *testexpr;		/* state of combining expression */
-	List	   *args;			/* states of argument expression(s) */
 	HeapTuple	curTuple;		/* copy of most recent tuple from subplan */
 	Datum		curArray;		/* most recent array from ARRAY() subplan */
 	/* these are used when hashing the subselect's output: */
diff --git a/src/backend/executor/execExpr.c b/src/backend/executor/execExpr.c
index c61f23c6c18..7a9d5729b4b 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/execExpr.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/execExpr.c
@@ -87,6 +87,9 @@ static void ExecBuildAggTransCall(ExprState *state, AggState *aggstate,
 								  FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, AggStatePerTrans pertrans,
 								  int transno, int setno, int setoff, bool ishash,
 								  bool nullcheck);
+static void ExecInitSubPlanExpr(SubPlan *subplan,
+								ExprState *state,
+								Datum *resv, bool *resnull);
 
 
 /*
@@ -1388,7 +1391,6 @@ ExecInitExprRec(Expr *node, ExprState *state,
 		case T_SubPlan:
 			{
 				SubPlan    *subplan = (SubPlan *) node;
-				SubPlanState *sstate;
 
 				/*
 				 * Real execution of a MULTIEXPR SubPlan has already been
@@ -1405,19 +1407,7 @@ ExecInitExprRec(Expr *node, ExprState *state,
 					break;
 				}
 
-				if (!state->parent)
-					elog(ERROR, "SubPlan found with no parent plan");
-
-				sstate = ExecInitSubPlan(subplan, state->parent);
-
-				/* add SubPlanState nodes to state->parent->subPlan */
-				state->parent->subPlan = lappend(state->parent->subPlan,
-												 sstate);
-
-				scratch.opcode = EEOP_SUBPLAN;
-				scratch.d.subplan.sstate = sstate;
-
-				ExprEvalPushStep(state, &scratch);
+				ExecInitSubPlanExpr(subplan, state, resv, resnull);
 				break;
 			}
 
@@ -2618,29 +2608,12 @@ ExecPushExprSetupSteps(ExprState *state, ExprSetupInfo *info)
 	foreach(lc, info->multiexpr_subplans)
 	{
 		SubPlan    *subplan = (SubPlan *) lfirst(lc);
-		SubPlanState *sstate;
 
 		Assert(subplan->subLinkType == MULTIEXPR_SUBLINK);
 
-		/* This should match what ExecInitExprRec does for other SubPlans: */
-
-		if (!state->parent)
-			elog(ERROR, "SubPlan found with no parent plan");
-
-		sstate = ExecInitSubPlan(subplan, state->parent);
-
-		/* add SubPlanState nodes to state->parent->subPlan */
-		state->parent->subPlan = lappend(state->parent->subPlan,
-										 sstate);
-
-		scratch.opcode = EEOP_SUBPLAN;
-		scratch.d.subplan.sstate = sstate;
-
 		/* The result can be ignored, but we better put it somewhere */
-		scratch.resvalue = &state->resvalue;
-		scratch.resnull = &state->resnull;
-
-		ExprEvalPushStep(state, &scratch);
+		ExecInitSubPlanExpr(subplan, state,
+							&state->resvalue, &state->resnull);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -4040,3 +4013,45 @@ ExecBuildParamSetEqual(TupleDesc desc,
 
 	return state;
 }
+
+static void
+ExecInitSubPlanExpr(SubPlan *subplan,
+					ExprState *state,
+					Datum *resv, bool *resnull)
+{
+	ExprEvalStep scratch = {0};
+	SubPlanState *sstate;
+	ListCell   *pvar;
+	ListCell   *l;
+	EState	   *estate = state->parent->state;
+
+	if (!state->parent)
+		elog(ERROR, "SubPlan found with no parent plan");
+
+	/*
+	 * Generate steps to evaluate input arguments for the subplan.
+	 *
+	 * Any calculation we have to do can be done in the parent econtext, since
+	 * the Param values don't need to have per-query lifetime.
+	 */
+	forboth(l, subplan->parParam, pvar, subplan->args)
+	{
+		int			paramid = lfirst_int(l);
+		ParamExecData *prm = &estate->es_param_exec_vals[paramid];
+
+		ExecInitExprRec(lfirst(pvar), state, &prm->value, &prm->isnull);
+	}
+
+	sstate = ExecInitSubPlan(subplan, state->parent);
+
+	/* add SubPlanState nodes to state->parent->subPlan */
+	state->parent->subPlan = lappend(state->parent->subPlan,
+									 sstate);
+
+	scratch.opcode = EEOP_SUBPLAN;
+	scratch.resvalue = resv;
+	scratch.resnull = resnull;
+	scratch.d.subplan.sstate = sstate;
+
+	ExprEvalPushStep(state, &scratch);
+}
diff --git a/src/backend/executor/execProcnode.c b/src/backend/executor/execProcnode.c
index 4d288bc8d41..f62bb28140f 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/execProcnode.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/execProcnode.c
@@ -393,6 +393,10 @@ ExecInitNode(Plan *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
 	/*
 	 * Initialize any initPlans present in this node.  The planner put them in
 	 * a separate list for us.
+	 *
+	 * The defining characteristic of initplans is that they don't have
+	 * arguments, so we don't need to evaluate them (in contrast to
+	 * ExecInitSubPlanExpr()).
 	 */
 	subps = NIL;
 	foreach(l, node->initPlan)
@@ -401,6 +405,7 @@ ExecInitNode(Plan *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
 		SubPlanState *sstate;
 
 		Assert(IsA(subplan, SubPlan));
+		Assert(subplan->args == NIL);
 		sstate = ExecInitSubPlan(subplan, result);
 		subps = lappend(subps, sstate);
 	}
diff --git a/src/backend/executor/nodeSubplan.c b/src/backend/executor/nodeSubplan.c
index c136f75ac24..3458ac007cd 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/nodeSubplan.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/nodeSubplan.c
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ ExecHashSubPlan(SubPlanState *node,
 	TupleTableSlot *slot;
 
 	/* Shouldn't have any direct correlation Vars */
-	if (subplan->parParam != NIL || node->args != NIL)
+	if (subplan->parParam != NIL || subplan->args != NIL)
 		elog(ERROR, "hashed subplan with direct correlation not supported");
 
 	/*
@@ -231,7 +231,6 @@ ExecScanSubPlan(SubPlanState *node,
 	TupleTableSlot *slot;
 	Datum		result;
 	bool		found = false;	/* true if got at least one subplan tuple */
-	ListCell   *pvar;
 	ListCell   *l;
 	ArrayBuildStateAny *astate = NULL;
 
@@ -248,26 +247,20 @@ ExecScanSubPlan(SubPlanState *node,
 	oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(econtext->ecxt_per_query_memory);
 
 	/*
-	 * Set Params of this plan from parent plan correlation values. (Any
-	 * calculation we have to do is done in the parent econtext, since the
-	 * Param values don't need to have per-query lifetime.)
+	 * We rely on the caller to evaluate plan correlation values, if
+	 * necessary. However we still need to record the fact that the values
+	 * (might have) changed, otherwise the ExecReScan() below won't know that
+	 * nodes need to be rescanned.
 	 */
-	Assert(list_length(subplan->parParam) == list_length(node->args));
-
-	forboth(l, subplan->parParam, pvar, node->args)
+	Assert(list_length(subplan->parParam) == list_length(subplan->args));
+	foreach(l, subplan->parParam)
 	{
 		int			paramid = lfirst_int(l);
-		ParamExecData *prm = &(econtext->ecxt_param_exec_vals[paramid]);
 
-		prm->value = ExecEvalExprSwitchContext((ExprState *) lfirst(pvar),
-											   econtext,
-											   &(prm->isnull));
 		planstate->chgParam = bms_add_member(planstate->chgParam, paramid);
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * Now that we've set up its parameters, we can reset the subplan.
-	 */
+	/* with that done, we can reset the subplan */
 	ExecReScan(planstate);
 
 	/*
@@ -817,6 +810,10 @@ slotNoNulls(TupleTableSlot *slot)
  * as well as regular SubPlans.  Note that we don't link the SubPlan into
  * the parent's subPlan list, because that shouldn't happen for InitPlans.
  * Instead, ExecInitExpr() does that one part.
+ *
+ * We also rely on ExecInitExpr(), more precisely ExecInitSubPlanExpr(), to
+ * evaluate input parameters, as that allows them to be evaluated as part of
+ * the expression referencing the SubPlan.
  * ----------------------------------------------------------------
  */
 SubPlanState *
@@ -844,7 +841,6 @@ ExecInitSubPlan(SubPlan *subplan, PlanState *parent)
 
 	/* Initialize subexpressions */
 	sstate->testexpr = ExecInitExpr((Expr *) subplan->testexpr, parent);
-	sstate->args = ExecInitExprList(subplan->args, parent);
 
 	/*
 	 * initialize my state
@@ -1107,7 +1103,7 @@ ExecSetParamPlan(SubPlanState *node, ExprContext *econtext)
 		elog(ERROR, "ANY/ALL subselect unsupported as initplan");
 	if (subLinkType == CTE_SUBLINK)
 		elog(ERROR, "CTE subplans should not be executed via ExecSetParamPlan");
-	if (subplan->parParam || node->args)
+	if (subplan->parParam || subplan->args)
 		elog(ERROR, "correlated subplans should not be executed via ExecSetParamPlan");
 
 	/*
-- 
2.38.0


--6ir4gcdcv6d4j3qy--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2] WIP: Evaluate arguments of correlated SubPlans in the referencing ExprState
@ 2023-02-25 21:39 Andres Freund <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Andres Freund @ 2023-02-25 21:39 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/include/executor/execExpr.h       |  6 +-
 src/include/nodes/execnodes.h         |  1 -
 src/backend/executor/execExpr.c       | 93 +++++++++++++++++----------
 src/backend/executor/execExprInterp.c | 22 +++++++
 src/backend/executor/execProcnode.c   |  5 ++
 src/backend/executor/nodeSubplan.c    | 30 ++++-----
 src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_expr.c   |  6 ++
 src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_types.c  |  1 +
 8 files changed, 112 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/include/executor/execExpr.h b/src/include/executor/execExpr.h
index 06c3adc0a19..ca2b7306cd0 100644
--- a/src/include/executor/execExpr.h
+++ b/src/include/executor/execExpr.h
@@ -158,6 +158,8 @@ typedef enum ExprEvalOp
 	EEOP_PARAM_EXEC,
 	EEOP_PARAM_EXTERN,
 	EEOP_PARAM_CALLBACK,
+	/* set PARAM_EXEC value */
+	EEOP_PARAM_SET,
 
 	/* return CaseTestExpr value */
 	EEOP_CASE_TESTVAL,
@@ -374,7 +376,7 @@ typedef struct ExprEvalStep
 			ExprEvalRowtypeCache rowcache;
 		}			nulltest_row;
 
-		/* for EEOP_PARAM_EXEC/EXTERN */
+		/* for EEOP_PARAM_EXEC/EXTERN and EEOP_PARAM_SET */
 		struct
 		{
 			int			paramid;	/* numeric ID for parameter */
@@ -738,6 +740,8 @@ extern void ExecEvalParamExec(ExprState *state, ExprEvalStep *op,
 							  ExprContext *econtext);
 extern void ExecEvalParamExtern(ExprState *state, ExprEvalStep *op,
 								ExprContext *econtext);
+extern void ExecEvalParamSet(ExprState *state, ExprEvalStep *op,
+							 ExprContext *econtext);
 extern void ExecEvalCurrentOfExpr(ExprState *state, ExprEvalStep *op);
 extern void ExecEvalNextValueExpr(ExprState *state, ExprEvalStep *op);
 extern void ExecEvalRowNull(ExprState *state, ExprEvalStep *op,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h b/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
index e7eb1e666ff..16e95e4cb48 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
@@ -947,7 +947,6 @@ typedef struct SubPlanState
 	struct PlanState *planstate;	/* subselect plan's state tree */
 	struct PlanState *parent;	/* parent plan node's state tree */
 	ExprState  *testexpr;		/* state of combining expression */
-	List	   *args;			/* states of argument expression(s) */
 	HeapTuple	curTuple;		/* copy of most recent tuple from subplan */
 	Datum		curArray;		/* most recent array from ARRAY() subplan */
 	/* these are used when hashing the subselect's output: */
diff --git a/src/backend/executor/execExpr.c b/src/backend/executor/execExpr.c
index c61f23c6c18..002f2a0091f 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/execExpr.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/execExpr.c
@@ -87,6 +87,9 @@ static void ExecBuildAggTransCall(ExprState *state, AggState *aggstate,
 								  FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, AggStatePerTrans pertrans,
 								  int transno, int setno, int setoff, bool ishash,
 								  bool nullcheck);
+static void ExecInitSubPlanExpr(SubPlan *subplan,
+								ExprState *state,
+								Datum *resv, bool *resnull);
 
 
 /*
@@ -1388,7 +1391,6 @@ ExecInitExprRec(Expr *node, ExprState *state,
 		case T_SubPlan:
 			{
 				SubPlan    *subplan = (SubPlan *) node;
-				SubPlanState *sstate;
 
 				/*
 				 * Real execution of a MULTIEXPR SubPlan has already been
@@ -1405,19 +1407,7 @@ ExecInitExprRec(Expr *node, ExprState *state,
 					break;
 				}
 
-				if (!state->parent)
-					elog(ERROR, "SubPlan found with no parent plan");
-
-				sstate = ExecInitSubPlan(subplan, state->parent);
-
-				/* add SubPlanState nodes to state->parent->subPlan */
-				state->parent->subPlan = lappend(state->parent->subPlan,
-												 sstate);
-
-				scratch.opcode = EEOP_SUBPLAN;
-				scratch.d.subplan.sstate = sstate;
-
-				ExprEvalPushStep(state, &scratch);
+				ExecInitSubPlanExpr(subplan, state, resv, resnull);
 				break;
 			}
 
@@ -2618,29 +2608,12 @@ ExecPushExprSetupSteps(ExprState *state, ExprSetupInfo *info)
 	foreach(lc, info->multiexpr_subplans)
 	{
 		SubPlan    *subplan = (SubPlan *) lfirst(lc);
-		SubPlanState *sstate;
 
 		Assert(subplan->subLinkType == MULTIEXPR_SUBLINK);
 
-		/* This should match what ExecInitExprRec does for other SubPlans: */
-
-		if (!state->parent)
-			elog(ERROR, "SubPlan found with no parent plan");
-
-		sstate = ExecInitSubPlan(subplan, state->parent);
-
-		/* add SubPlanState nodes to state->parent->subPlan */
-		state->parent->subPlan = lappend(state->parent->subPlan,
-										 sstate);
-
-		scratch.opcode = EEOP_SUBPLAN;
-		scratch.d.subplan.sstate = sstate;
-
 		/* The result can be ignored, but we better put it somewhere */
-		scratch.resvalue = &state->resvalue;
-		scratch.resnull = &state->resnull;
-
-		ExprEvalPushStep(state, &scratch);
+		ExecInitSubPlanExpr(subplan, state,
+							&state->resvalue, &state->resnull);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -4040,3 +4013,57 @@ ExecBuildParamSetEqual(TupleDesc desc,
 
 	return state;
 }
+
+static void
+ExecInitSubPlanExpr(SubPlan *subplan,
+					ExprState *state,
+					Datum *resv, bool *resnull)
+{
+	ExprEvalStep scratch = {0};
+	SubPlanState *sstate;
+	ListCell   *pvar;
+	ListCell   *l;
+
+	if (!state->parent)
+		elog(ERROR, "SubPlan found with no parent plan");
+
+	/*
+	 * Generate steps to evaluate input arguments for the subplan.
+	 *
+	 * We evaluate the argument expressions into ExprState's resvalue/resnull,
+	 * and then use PARAM_SET to update the parameter. We do that, instead of
+	 * evaluating directly into the param, to avoid depending on the pointer
+	 * value remaining stable / being included in the generated expression. No
+	 * danger of conflicts with other uses of resvalue/resnull as storing and
+	 * using the value always is in subsequent steps.
+	 *
+	 * Any calculation we have to do can be done in the parent econtext, since
+	 * the Param values don't need to have per-query lifetime.
+	 */
+	forboth(l, subplan->parParam, pvar, subplan->args)
+	{
+		int			paramid = lfirst_int(l);
+
+		ExecInitExprRec(lfirst(pvar), state,
+						&state->resvalue, &state->resnull);
+
+		scratch.opcode = EEOP_PARAM_SET;
+		scratch.d.param.paramid = paramid;
+		/* type isn't needed, but an old value could be confusing */
+		scratch.d.param.paramtype = InvalidOid;
+		ExprEvalPushStep(state, &scratch);
+	}
+
+	sstate = ExecInitSubPlan(subplan, state->parent);
+
+	/* add SubPlanState nodes to state->parent->subPlan */
+	state->parent->subPlan = lappend(state->parent->subPlan,
+									 sstate);
+
+	scratch.opcode = EEOP_SUBPLAN;
+	scratch.resvalue = resv;
+	scratch.resnull = resnull;
+	scratch.d.subplan.sstate = sstate;
+
+	ExprEvalPushStep(state, &scratch);
+}
diff --git a/src/backend/executor/execExprInterp.c b/src/backend/executor/execExprInterp.c
index 19351fe34bf..3cab8a5cdae 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/execExprInterp.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/execExprInterp.c
@@ -446,6 +446,7 @@ ExecInterpExpr(ExprState *state, ExprContext *econtext, bool *isnull)
 		&&CASE_EEOP_PARAM_EXEC,
 		&&CASE_EEOP_PARAM_EXTERN,
 		&&CASE_EEOP_PARAM_CALLBACK,
+		&&CASE_EEOP_PARAM_SET,
 		&&CASE_EEOP_CASE_TESTVAL,
 		&&CASE_EEOP_MAKE_READONLY,
 		&&CASE_EEOP_IOCOERCE,
@@ -1081,6 +1082,13 @@ ExecInterpExpr(ExprState *state, ExprContext *econtext, bool *isnull)
 			EEO_NEXT();
 		}
 
+		EEO_CASE(EEOP_PARAM_SET)
+		{
+			/* out of line, unlikely to matter performancewise */
+			ExecEvalParamSet(state, op, econtext);
+			EEO_NEXT();
+		}
+
 		EEO_CASE(EEOP_CASE_TESTVAL)
 		{
 			/*
@@ -2477,6 +2485,20 @@ ExecEvalParamExtern(ExprState *state, ExprEvalStep *op, ExprContext *econtext)
 			 errmsg("no value found for parameter %d", paramId)));
 }
 
+/*
+ * Set value of a param (currently always PARAM_EXEC) from
+ * state->res{value,null}.
+ */
+void
+ExecEvalParamSet(ExprState *state, ExprEvalStep *op, ExprContext *econtext)
+{
+	ParamExecData *prm;
+
+	prm = &(econtext->ecxt_param_exec_vals[op->d.param.paramid]);
+	prm->value = state->resvalue;
+	prm->isnull = state->resnull;
+}
+
 /*
  * Raise error if a CURRENT OF expression is evaluated.
  *
diff --git a/src/backend/executor/execProcnode.c b/src/backend/executor/execProcnode.c
index 4d288bc8d41..f62bb28140f 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/execProcnode.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/execProcnode.c
@@ -393,6 +393,10 @@ ExecInitNode(Plan *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
 	/*
 	 * Initialize any initPlans present in this node.  The planner put them in
 	 * a separate list for us.
+	 *
+	 * The defining characteristic of initplans is that they don't have
+	 * arguments, so we don't need to evaluate them (in contrast to
+	 * ExecInitSubPlanExpr()).
 	 */
 	subps = NIL;
 	foreach(l, node->initPlan)
@@ -401,6 +405,7 @@ ExecInitNode(Plan *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
 		SubPlanState *sstate;
 
 		Assert(IsA(subplan, SubPlan));
+		Assert(subplan->args == NIL);
 		sstate = ExecInitSubPlan(subplan, result);
 		subps = lappend(subps, sstate);
 	}
diff --git a/src/backend/executor/nodeSubplan.c b/src/backend/executor/nodeSubplan.c
index c136f75ac24..3458ac007cd 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/nodeSubplan.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/nodeSubplan.c
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ ExecHashSubPlan(SubPlanState *node,
 	TupleTableSlot *slot;
 
 	/* Shouldn't have any direct correlation Vars */
-	if (subplan->parParam != NIL || node->args != NIL)
+	if (subplan->parParam != NIL || subplan->args != NIL)
 		elog(ERROR, "hashed subplan with direct correlation not supported");
 
 	/*
@@ -231,7 +231,6 @@ ExecScanSubPlan(SubPlanState *node,
 	TupleTableSlot *slot;
 	Datum		result;
 	bool		found = false;	/* true if got at least one subplan tuple */
-	ListCell   *pvar;
 	ListCell   *l;
 	ArrayBuildStateAny *astate = NULL;
 
@@ -248,26 +247,20 @@ ExecScanSubPlan(SubPlanState *node,
 	oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(econtext->ecxt_per_query_memory);
 
 	/*
-	 * Set Params of this plan from parent plan correlation values. (Any
-	 * calculation we have to do is done in the parent econtext, since the
-	 * Param values don't need to have per-query lifetime.)
+	 * We rely on the caller to evaluate plan correlation values, if
+	 * necessary. However we still need to record the fact that the values
+	 * (might have) changed, otherwise the ExecReScan() below won't know that
+	 * nodes need to be rescanned.
 	 */
-	Assert(list_length(subplan->parParam) == list_length(node->args));
-
-	forboth(l, subplan->parParam, pvar, node->args)
+	Assert(list_length(subplan->parParam) == list_length(subplan->args));
+	foreach(l, subplan->parParam)
 	{
 		int			paramid = lfirst_int(l);
-		ParamExecData *prm = &(econtext->ecxt_param_exec_vals[paramid]);
 
-		prm->value = ExecEvalExprSwitchContext((ExprState *) lfirst(pvar),
-											   econtext,
-											   &(prm->isnull));
 		planstate->chgParam = bms_add_member(planstate->chgParam, paramid);
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * Now that we've set up its parameters, we can reset the subplan.
-	 */
+	/* with that done, we can reset the subplan */
 	ExecReScan(planstate);
 
 	/*
@@ -817,6 +810,10 @@ slotNoNulls(TupleTableSlot *slot)
  * as well as regular SubPlans.  Note that we don't link the SubPlan into
  * the parent's subPlan list, because that shouldn't happen for InitPlans.
  * Instead, ExecInitExpr() does that one part.
+ *
+ * We also rely on ExecInitExpr(), more precisely ExecInitSubPlanExpr(), to
+ * evaluate input parameters, as that allows them to be evaluated as part of
+ * the expression referencing the SubPlan.
  * ----------------------------------------------------------------
  */
 SubPlanState *
@@ -844,7 +841,6 @@ ExecInitSubPlan(SubPlan *subplan, PlanState *parent)
 
 	/* Initialize subexpressions */
 	sstate->testexpr = ExecInitExpr((Expr *) subplan->testexpr, parent);
-	sstate->args = ExecInitExprList(subplan->args, parent);
 
 	/*
 	 * initialize my state
@@ -1107,7 +1103,7 @@ ExecSetParamPlan(SubPlanState *node, ExprContext *econtext)
 		elog(ERROR, "ANY/ALL subselect unsupported as initplan");
 	if (subLinkType == CTE_SUBLINK)
 		elog(ERROR, "CTE subplans should not be executed via ExecSetParamPlan");
-	if (subplan->parParam || node->args)
+	if (subplan->parParam || subplan->args)
 		elog(ERROR, "correlated subplans should not be executed via ExecSetParamPlan");
 
 	/*
diff --git a/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_expr.c b/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_expr.c
index 1c722c79552..812f8758743 100644
--- a/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_expr.c
+++ b/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_expr.c
@@ -1094,6 +1094,12 @@ llvm_compile_expr(ExprState *state)
 					break;
 				}
 
+			case EEOP_PARAM_SET:
+				build_EvalXFunc(b, mod, "ExecEvalParamSet",
+								v_state, op, v_econtext);
+				LLVMBuildBr(b, opblocks[opno + 1]);
+				break;
+
 			case EEOP_SBSREF_SUBSCRIPTS:
 				{
 					int			jumpdone = op->d.sbsref_subscript.jumpdone;
diff --git a/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_types.c b/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_types.c
index 876fb640294..0b1df3afe00 100644
--- a/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_types.c
+++ b/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_types.c
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ void	   *referenced_functions[] =
 	ExecEvalNextValueExpr,
 	ExecEvalParamExec,
 	ExecEvalParamExtern,
+	ExecEvalParamSet,
 	ExecEvalRow,
 	ExecEvalRowNotNull,
 	ExecEvalRowNull,
-- 
2.37.1.188.g71a8fab31b


--2fo66m5ddj2bowyf--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/3] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-02-18 16:31 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-02-18 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 ++++++++-----------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  4 ++--
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 5 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index 7ea6001e9ad..045fd35786a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -473,7 +473,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -548,19 +547,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -767,8 +766,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -905,7 +903,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -920,7 +917,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 5d33559926a..97791f979ef 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index e1168ad3837..718de1b5e98 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 579e5933d28..a1ec13d66b9 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index 368e4f3f234..14972f7e7cd 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--J5cpktPts8HkLShw
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename=v1-0002-Remove-SpinLockFree-and-S_LOCK_FREE.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 4/4] Use singular "datachecksum" consistently in process names
@ 2026-05-26 07:56 Kyotaro Horiguchi <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Kyotaro Horiguchi @ 2026-05-26 07:56 UTC (permalink / raw)

datachecksum_state.c currently refers to processes as both
"datachecksum worker/launcher" and "datachecksums launcher".

Use the singular "datachecksum" form consistently for process names
instead.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |   4 +-
 src/backend/postmaster/bgworker.c           |   8 +-
 src/backend/postmaster/datachecksum_state.c | 234 ++++++++++----------
 src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c         |   4 +-
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c        |   2 +-
 src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_backend.c |   4 +-
 src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_io.c      |   4 +-
 src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c           |   2 +-
 src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c           |   2 +-
 src/include/miscadmin.h                     |  10 +-
 src/include/postmaster/datachecksum_state.h |  30 +--
 src/include/postmaster/proctypelist.h       |   4 +-
 src/include/storage/subsystemlist.h         |   2 +-
 13 files changed, 155 insertions(+), 155 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index fecdf0d4b05..16f8278809e 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -9178,7 +9178,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		SpinLockRelease(&XLogCtl->info_lck);
 
 		if (new_state)
-			EmitAndWaitDataChecksumsBarrier(redo_rec.data_checksum_version);
+			EmitAndWaitDataChecksumBarrier(redo_rec.data_checksum_version);
 	}
 	else if (info == XLOG_LOGICAL_DECODING_STATUS_CHANGE)
 	{
@@ -9256,7 +9256,7 @@ xlog2_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		 * change to checksum status. Once the barrier has been passed we can
 		 * initiate the corresponding processing.
 		 */
-		EmitAndWaitDataChecksumsBarrier(state.new_checksum_state);
+		EmitAndWaitDataChecksumBarrier(state.new_checksum_state);
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/src/backend/postmaster/bgworker.c b/src/backend/postmaster/bgworker.c
index 2e4acad4f00..68256d90cef 100644
--- a/src/backend/postmaster/bgworker.c
+++ b/src/backend/postmaster/bgworker.c
@@ -160,12 +160,12 @@ static const struct
 		.fn_addr = TableSyncWorkerMain
 	},
 	{
-		.fn_name = "DataChecksumsWorkerLauncherMain",
-		.fn_addr = DataChecksumsWorkerLauncherMain
+		.fn_name = "DataChecksumWorkerLauncherMain",
+		.fn_addr = DataChecksumWorkerLauncherMain
 	},
 	{
-		.fn_name = "DataChecksumsWorkerMain",
-		.fn_addr = DataChecksumsWorkerMain
+		.fn_name = "DataChecksumWorkerMain",
+		.fn_addr = DataChecksumWorkerMain
 	}
 };
 
diff --git a/src/backend/postmaster/datachecksum_state.c b/src/backend/postmaster/datachecksum_state.c
index 33430147ff2..1715e506cbc 100644
--- a/src/backend/postmaster/datachecksum_state.c
+++ b/src/backend/postmaster/datachecksum_state.c
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
  * checksums enabled, then disabled them and updated the page while they were
  * disabled.
  *
- * The DataChecksumsWorker will compile a list of all databases at the start,
+ * The DataChecksumWorker will compile a list of all databases at the start,
  * any databases created concurrently will see the in-progress state and will
  * be checksummed automatically.  All databases from the original list MUST BE
  * successfully processed in order for data checksums to be enabled, the only
@@ -99,10 +99,10 @@
  * state will also be set to "off".
  *
  * Backends transition Bd -> Bi via a procsignalbarrier which is emitted by the
- * DataChecksumsWorkerLauncherMain.  When all backends have acknowledged the
+ * DataChecksumWorkerLauncherMain.  When all backends have acknowledged the
  * barrier then Bd will be empty and the next phase can begin: calculating and
- * writing data checksums with DataChecksumsWorkers.  When the
- * DataChecksumsWorker processes have finished writing checksums on all pages,
+ * writing data checksums with DataChecksumWorkers.  When the
+ * DataChecksumWorker processes have finished writing checksums on all pages,
  * data checksums are enabled cluster-wide via another procsignalbarrier.
  * There are four sets of backends where Bd shall be an empty set:
  *
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
  * found on the -hackers threads linked to in the commit message of this
  * feature.
  *
- *   * Launching datachecksumsworker for resuming operation from the startup
+ *   * Launching datachecksumworker for resuming operation from the startup
  *     process: Currently users have to restart processing manually after a
  *     restart since dynamic background worker cannot be started from the
  *     postmaster. Changing the startup process could make restarting the
@@ -280,15 +280,15 @@ static const ChecksumBarrierCondition checksum_barriers[9] =
  * Signaling between backends calling pg_enable/disable_data_checksums, the
  * checksums launcher process, and the checksums worker process.
  *
- * This struct is protected by DataChecksumsWorkerLock
+ * This struct is protected by DataChecksumWorkerLock
  */
-typedef struct DataChecksumsStateStruct
+typedef struct DataChecksumStateStruct
 {
 	/*
 	 * These are set by pg_{enable|disable}_data_checksums, to tell the
 	 * launcher what the target state is.
 	 */
-	DataChecksumsWorkerOperation launch_operation;
+	DataChecksumWorkerOperation launch_operation;
 	int			launch_cost_delay;
 	int			launch_cost_limit;
 
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ typedef struct DataChecksumsStateStruct
 	 * without a lock. If multiple workers, or dynamic cost parameters, are
 	 * supported at some point then this would need to be revisited.
 	 */
-	DataChecksumsWorkerOperation operation;
+	DataChecksumWorkerOperation operation;
 	int			cost_delay;
 	int			cost_limit;
 
@@ -329,58 +329,58 @@ typedef struct DataChecksumsStateStruct
 	 */
 
 	/* result, set by worker before exiting */
-	DataChecksumsWorkerResult success;
+	DataChecksumWorkerResult success;
 
 	/*
 	 * Tells the worker process whether it should also process the shared
 	 * catalogs
 	 */
 	bool		process_shared_catalogs;
-} DataChecksumsStateStruct;
+} DataChecksumStateStruct;
 
-/* Shared memory segment for datachecksumsworker */
-static DataChecksumsStateStruct *DataChecksumState;
+/* Shared memory segment for datachecksumworker */
+static DataChecksumStateStruct *DataChecksumState;
 
-typedef struct DataChecksumsWorkerDatabase
+typedef struct DataChecksumWorkerDatabase
 {
 	Oid			dboid;
 	char	   *dbname;
-} DataChecksumsWorkerDatabase;
+} DataChecksumWorkerDatabase;
 
 /* Flag set by the interrupt handler */
 static volatile sig_atomic_t abort_requested = false;
 
 /*
- * Have we set the DataChecksumsStateStruct->launcher_running flag?
+ * Have we set the DataChecksumStateStruct->launcher_running flag?
  * If we have, we need to clear it before exiting!
  */
 static volatile sig_atomic_t launcher_running = false;
 
 /* Are we enabling data checksums, or disabling them? */
-static DataChecksumsWorkerOperation operation;
+static DataChecksumWorkerOperation operation;
 
 /* Prototypes */
-static void DataChecksumsShmemRequest(void *arg);
+static void DataChecksumShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static bool DatabaseExists(Oid dboid);
 static List *BuildDatabaseList(void);
 static List *BuildRelationList(bool temp_relations, bool include_shared);
 static void FreeDatabaseList(List *dblist);
-static DataChecksumsWorkerResult ProcessDatabase(DataChecksumsWorkerDatabase *db);
+static DataChecksumWorkerResult ProcessDatabase(DataChecksumWorkerDatabase *db);
 static bool ProcessAllDatabases(void);
 static bool ProcessSingleRelationFork(Relation reln, ForkNumber forkNum, BufferAccessStrategy strategy);
 static void launcher_cancel_handler(SIGNAL_ARGS);
 static void WaitForAllTransactionsToFinish(void);
 
-const ShmemCallbacks DataChecksumsShmemCallbacks = {
-	.request_fn = DataChecksumsShmemRequest,
+const ShmemCallbacks DataChecksumShmemCallbacks = {
+	.request_fn = DataChecksumShmemRequest,
 };
 
 #define CHECK_FOR_ABORT_REQUEST() \
 	do {															\
-		LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumsWorkerLock, LW_SHARED);			\
+		LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumWorkerLock, LW_SHARED);			\
 		if (DataChecksumState->launch_operation != operation)		\
 			abort_requested = true;									\
-		LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);						\
+		LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);						\
 	} while (0)
 
 
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ const ShmemCallbacks DataChecksumsShmemCallbacks = {
  */
 
 void
-EmitAndWaitDataChecksumsBarrier(uint32 state)
+EmitAndWaitDataChecksumBarrier(uint32 state)
 {
 	uint64		barrier;
 
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ EmitAndWaitDataChecksumsBarrier(uint32 state)
 }
 
 /*
- * AbsorbDataChecksumsBarrier
+ * AbsorbDataChecksumBarrier
  *		Generic function for absorbing data checksum state changes
  *
  * All procsignalbarriers regarding data checksum state changes are absorbed
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ EmitAndWaitDataChecksumsBarrier(uint32 state)
  * used to look up the relevant entry.
  */
 bool
-AbsorbDataChecksumsBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType barrier)
+AbsorbDataChecksumBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType barrier)
 {
 	uint32		target_state;
 	int			current = data_checksums;
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ disable_data_checksums(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
 				errmsg("must be superuser to change data checksum state"));
 
-	StartDataChecksumsWorkerLauncher(DISABLE_DATACHECKSUMS, 0, 0);
+	StartDataChecksumWorkerLauncher(DISABLE_DATACHECKSUMS, 0, 0);
 	PG_RETURN_VOID();
 }
 
@@ -548,27 +548,27 @@ enable_data_checksums(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
 				errmsg("cost limit must be greater than zero"));
 
-	StartDataChecksumsWorkerLauncher(ENABLE_DATACHECKSUMS, cost_delay, cost_limit);
+	StartDataChecksumWorkerLauncher(ENABLE_DATACHECKSUMS, cost_delay, cost_limit);
 
 	PG_RETURN_VOID();
 }
 
 
 /*****************************************************************************
- * Functionality for running the datachecksumsworker and associated launcher
+ * Functionality for running the datachecksum worker and associated launcher
  */
 
 /*
- * StartDataChecksumsWorkerLauncher
- *		Main entry point for datachecksumsworker launcher process
+ * StartDataChecksumWorkerLauncher
+ *		Main entry point for datachecksumworker launcher process
  *
  * The main entrypoint for starting data checksums processing for enabling as
  * well as disabling.
  */
 void
-StartDataChecksumsWorkerLauncher(DataChecksumsWorkerOperation op,
-								 int cost_delay,
-								 int cost_limit)
+StartDataChecksumWorkerLauncher(DataChecksumWorkerOperation op,
+								int cost_delay,
+								int cost_limit)
 {
 	BackgroundWorker bgw;
 	BackgroundWorkerHandle *bgw_handle;
@@ -580,10 +580,10 @@ StartDataChecksumsWorkerLauncher(DataChecksumsWorkerOperation op,
 		Assert(cost_delay == 0 && cost_limit == 0);
 #endif
 
-	INJECTION_POINT("datachecksumsworker-startup-delay", NULL);
+	INJECTION_POINT("datachecksumworker-startup-delay", NULL);
 
 	/* Store the desired state in shared memory */
-	LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumsWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+	LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
 
 	DataChecksumState->launch_operation = op;
 	DataChecksumState->launch_cost_delay = cost_delay;
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ StartDataChecksumsWorkerLauncher(DataChecksumsWorkerOperation op,
 	/* Is the launcher already running? If so, what is it doing? */
 	running = DataChecksumState->launcher_running;
 
-	LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+	LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 
 	/*
 	 * Launch a new launcher process, if it's not running already.
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ StartDataChecksumsWorkerLauncher(DataChecksumsWorkerOperation op,
 		bgw.bgw_flags = BGWORKER_SHMEM_ACCESS | BGWORKER_BACKEND_DATABASE_CONNECTION;
 		bgw.bgw_start_time = BgWorkerStart_RecoveryFinished;
 		snprintf(bgw.bgw_library_name, BGW_MAXLEN, "postgres");
-		snprintf(bgw.bgw_function_name, BGW_MAXLEN, "DataChecksumsWorkerLauncherMain");
+		snprintf(bgw.bgw_function_name, BGW_MAXLEN, "DataChecksumWorkerLauncherMain");
 		snprintf(bgw.bgw_name, BGW_MAXLEN, "datachecksum launcher");
 		snprintf(bgw.bgw_type, BGW_MAXLEN, "datachecksum launcher");
 		bgw.bgw_restart_time = BGW_NEVER_RESTART;
@@ -715,10 +715,10 @@ ProcessSingleRelationFork(Relation reln, ForkNumber forkNum, BufferAccessStrateg
 		 * abortion will bubble up from here.
 		 */
 		Assert(operation == ENABLE_DATACHECKSUMS);
-		LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumsWorkerLock, LW_SHARED);
+		LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumWorkerLock, LW_SHARED);
 		if (DataChecksumState->launch_operation == DISABLE_DATACHECKSUMS)
 			abort_requested = true;
-		LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+		LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 
 		if (abort_requested)
 			return false;
@@ -795,8 +795,8 @@ ProcessSingleRelationByOid(Oid relationId, BufferAccessStrategy strategy)
  * waiting for it to finish.  We have to do this in a separate worker, since
  * each process can only be connected to one database during its lifetime.
  */
-static DataChecksumsWorkerResult
-ProcessDatabase(DataChecksumsWorkerDatabase *db)
+static DataChecksumWorkerResult
+ProcessDatabase(DataChecksumWorkerDatabase *db)
 {
 	BackgroundWorker bgw;
 	BackgroundWorkerHandle *bgw_handle;
@@ -804,15 +804,15 @@ ProcessDatabase(DataChecksumsWorkerDatabase *db)
 	pid_t		pid;
 	char		activity[NAMEDATALEN + 64];
 
-	LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumsWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
-	DataChecksumState->success = DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_FAILED;
-	LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+	LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+	DataChecksumState->success = DATACHECKSUMWORKER_FAILED;
+	LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 
 	memset(&bgw, 0, sizeof(bgw));
 	bgw.bgw_flags = BGWORKER_SHMEM_ACCESS | BGWORKER_BACKEND_DATABASE_CONNECTION;
 	bgw.bgw_start_time = BgWorkerStart_RecoveryFinished;
 	snprintf(bgw.bgw_library_name, BGW_MAXLEN, "postgres");
-	snprintf(bgw.bgw_function_name, BGW_MAXLEN, "%s", "DataChecksumsWorkerMain");
+	snprintf(bgw.bgw_function_name, BGW_MAXLEN, "%s", "DataChecksumWorkerMain");
 	snprintf(bgw.bgw_name, BGW_MAXLEN, "datachecksum worker");
 	snprintf(bgw.bgw_type, BGW_MAXLEN, "datachecksum worker");
 	bgw.bgw_restart_time = BGW_NEVER_RESTART;
@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ ProcessDatabase(DataChecksumsWorkerDatabase *db)
 				errmsg("could not start background worker for enabling data checksums in database \"%s\"",
 					   db->dbname),
 				errhint("The \"%s\" setting might be too low.", "max_worker_processes"));
-		return DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_FAILED;
+		return DATACHECKSUMWORKER_FAILED;
 	}
 
 	status = WaitForBackgroundWorkerStartup(bgw_handle, &pid);
@@ -840,17 +840,17 @@ ProcessDatabase(DataChecksumsWorkerDatabase *db)
 		 * If the worker managed to start, and stop, before we got to waiting
 		 * for it we can see a STOPPED status here without it being a failure.
 		 */
-		LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumsWorkerLock, LW_SHARED);
-		if (DataChecksumState->success == DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_SUCCESSFUL)
+		LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumWorkerLock, LW_SHARED);
+		if (DataChecksumState->success == DATACHECKSUMWORKER_SUCCESSFUL)
 		{
-			LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+			LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 			pgstat_report_activity(STATE_IDLE, NULL);
-			LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumsWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+			LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
 			DataChecksumState->worker_pid = InvalidPid;
-			LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+			LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 			return DataChecksumState->success;
 		}
-		LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+		LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 
 		ereport(WARNING,
 				errmsg("could not start background worker for enabling data checksums in database \"%s\"",
@@ -862,9 +862,9 @@ ProcessDatabase(DataChecksumsWorkerDatabase *db)
 		 * treat it as not an error, else treat as fatal and error out.
 		 */
 		if (DatabaseExists(db->dboid))
-			return DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_FAILED;
+			return DATACHECKSUMWORKER_FAILED;
 		else
-			return DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_DROPDB;
+			return DATACHECKSUMWORKER_DROPDB;
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -886,9 +886,9 @@ ProcessDatabase(DataChecksumsWorkerDatabase *db)
 				   db->dbname));
 
 	/* Save the pid of the worker so we can signal it later */
-	LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumsWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+	LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
 	DataChecksumState->worker_pid = pid;
-	LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+	LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 
 	snprintf(activity, sizeof(activity) - 1,
 			 "Waiting for worker in database %s (pid %ld)", db->dbname, (long) pid);
@@ -902,17 +902,17 @@ ProcessDatabase(DataChecksumsWorkerDatabase *db)
 					   db->dbname),
 				errhint("Restart the database and restart data checksum processing by calling pg_enable_data_checksums()."));
 
-	LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumsWorkerLock, LW_SHARED);
-	if (DataChecksumState->success == DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_ABORTED)
+	LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumWorkerLock, LW_SHARED);
+	if (DataChecksumState->success == DATACHECKSUMWORKER_ABORTED)
 		ereport(LOG,
 				errmsg("data checksums processing was aborted in database \"%s\"",
 					   db->dbname));
-	LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+	LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 
 	pgstat_report_activity(STATE_IDLE, NULL);
-	LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumsWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+	LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
 	DataChecksumState->worker_pid = InvalidPid;
-	LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+	LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 
 	return DataChecksumState->success;
 }
@@ -934,14 +934,14 @@ launcher_exit(int code, Datum arg)
 
 	if (launcher_running)
 	{
-		LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumsWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
 		if (DataChecksumState->worker_pid != InvalidPid)
 		{
 			ereport(LOG,
 					errmsg("data checksums launcher exiting while worker is still running, signalling worker"));
 			kill(DataChecksumState->worker_pid, SIGTERM);
 		}
-		LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+		LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -951,10 +951,10 @@ launcher_exit(int code, Datum arg)
 	if (DataChecksumsInProgressOn())
 		SetDataChecksumsOff();
 
-	LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumsWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+	LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
 	launcher_running = false;
 	DataChecksumState->launcher_running = false;
-	LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+	LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@ WaitForAllTransactionsToFinish(void)
 }
 
 /*
- * DataChecksumsWorkerLauncherMain
+ * DataChecksumWorkerLauncherMain
  *
  * Main function for launching dynamic background workers for processing data
  * checksums in databases. This function has the bgworker management, with
@@ -1052,11 +1052,11 @@ WaitForAllTransactionsToFinish(void)
  * initiating processing.
  */
 void
-DataChecksumsWorkerLauncherMain(Datum arg)
+DataChecksumWorkerLauncherMain(Datum arg)
 {
 
 	ereport(DEBUG1,
-			errmsg("background worker \"datachecksums launcher\" started"));
+			errmsg("background worker \"datachecksum launcher\" started"));
 
 	pqsignal(SIGTERM, die);
 	pqsignal(SIGINT, launcher_cancel_handler);
@@ -1065,19 +1065,19 @@ DataChecksumsWorkerLauncherMain(Datum arg)
 
 	BackgroundWorkerUnblockSignals();
 
-	MyBackendType = B_DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_LAUNCHER;
+	MyBackendType = B_DATACHECKSUMWORKER_LAUNCHER;
 	init_ps_display(NULL);
 
-	INJECTION_POINT("datachecksumsworker-launcher-delay", NULL);
+	INJECTION_POINT("datachecksumworker-launcher-delay", NULL);
 
-	LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumsWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+	LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
 
 	if (DataChecksumState->launcher_running)
 	{
 		ereport(LOG,
-				errmsg("background worker \"datachecksums launcher\" already running, exiting"));
+				errmsg("background worker \"datachecksum launcher\" already running, exiting"));
 		/* Launcher was already running, let it finish */
-		LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+		LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@ DataChecksumsWorkerLauncherMain(Datum arg)
 	DataChecksumState->operation = operation;
 	DataChecksumState->cost_delay = DataChecksumState->launch_cost_delay;
 	DataChecksumState->cost_limit = DataChecksumState->launch_cost_limit;
-	LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+	LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 
 	/*
 	 * The target state can change while we are busy enabling/disabling
@@ -1134,13 +1134,13 @@ again:
 			 * If the target state changed during processing then it's not a
 			 * failure, so restart processing instead.
 			 */
-			LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumsWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+			LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
 			if (DataChecksumState->launch_operation != operation)
 			{
-				LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+				LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 				goto done;
 			}
-			LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+			LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES),
 					errmsg("unable to enable data checksums in cluster"));
@@ -1183,14 +1183,14 @@ done:
 	 * while we were running. In that case we will have to start all over
 	 * again.
 	 */
-	LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumsWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+	LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
 	if (DataChecksumState->launch_operation != operation)
 	{
 		DataChecksumState->operation = DataChecksumState->launch_operation;
 		operation = DataChecksumState->launch_operation;
 		DataChecksumState->cost_delay = DataChecksumState->launch_cost_delay;
 		DataChecksumState->cost_limit = DataChecksumState->launch_cost_limit;
-		LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+		LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 		goto again;
 	}
 
@@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@ done:
 
 	launcher_running = false;
 	DataChecksumState->launcher_running = false;
-	LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+	LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1217,9 +1217,9 @@ ProcessAllDatabases(void)
 	int			cumulative_total = 0;
 
 	/* Set up so first run processes shared catalogs, not once in every db */
-	LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumsWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+	LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
 	DataChecksumState->process_shared_catalogs = true;
-	LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+	LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 
 	/* Get a list of all databases to process */
 	WaitForAllTransactionsToFinish();
@@ -1254,18 +1254,18 @@ ProcessAllDatabases(void)
 		pgstat_progress_update_multi_param(6, index, vals);
 	}
 
-	foreach_ptr(DataChecksumsWorkerDatabase, db, DatabaseList)
+	foreach_ptr(DataChecksumWorkerDatabase, db, DatabaseList)
 	{
-		DataChecksumsWorkerResult result;
+		DataChecksumWorkerResult result;
 
 		result = ProcessDatabase(db);
 
 #ifdef USE_INJECTION_POINTS
 		/* Allow a test process to alter the result of the operation */
-		if (IS_INJECTION_POINT_ATTACHED("datachecksumsworker-fail-db-result"))
+		if (IS_INJECTION_POINT_ATTACHED("datachecksumworker-fail-db-result"))
 		{
-			result = DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_FAILED;
-			INJECTION_POINT_CACHED("datachecksumsworker-fail-db-result",
+			result = DATACHECKSUMWORKER_FAILED;
+			INJECTION_POINT_CACHED("datachecksumworker-fail-db-result",
 								   db->dbname);
 		}
 #endif
@@ -1273,7 +1273,7 @@ ProcessAllDatabases(void)
 		pgstat_progress_update_param(PROGRESS_DATACHECKSUMS_DBS_DONE,
 									 ++cumulative_total);
 
-		if (result == DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_FAILED)
+		if (result == DATACHECKSUMWORKER_FAILED)
 		{
 			/*
 			 * Disable checksums on cluster, because we failed one of the
@@ -1285,7 +1285,7 @@ ProcessAllDatabases(void)
 					errmsg("data checksums failed to get enabled in all databases, aborting"),
 					errhint("The server log might have more information on the cause of the error."));
 		}
-		else if (result == DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_ABORTED || abort_requested)
+		else if (result == DATACHECKSUMWORKER_ABORTED || abort_requested)
 		{
 			/* Abort flag set, so exit the whole process */
 			return false;
@@ -1295,9 +1295,9 @@ ProcessAllDatabases(void)
 		 * When one database has completed, it will have done shared catalogs
 		 * so we don't have to process them again.
 		 */
-		LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumsWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
 		DataChecksumState->process_shared_catalogs = false;
-		LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+		LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 	}
 
 	FreeDatabaseList(DatabaseList);
@@ -1308,14 +1308,14 @@ ProcessAllDatabases(void)
 }
 
 /*
- * DataChecksumsShmemRequest
- *		Request datachecksumsworker-related shared memory
+ * DataChecksumShmemRequest
+ *		Request datachecksumworker-related shared memory
  */
 static void
-DataChecksumsShmemRequest(void *arg)
+DataChecksumShmemRequest(void *arg)
 {
-	ShmemRequestStruct(.name = "DataChecksumsWorker Data",
-					   .size = sizeof(DataChecksumsStateStruct),
+	ShmemRequestStruct(.name = "DataChecksumWorker Data",
+					   .size = sizeof(DataChecksumStateStruct),
 					   .ptr = (void **) &DataChecksumState,
 		);
 }
@@ -1370,7 +1370,7 @@ DatabaseExists(Oid dboid)
  * BuildDatabaseList
  *		Compile a list of all currently available databases in the cluster
  *
- * This creates the list of databases for the datachecksumsworker workers to
+ * This creates the list of databases for the datachecksum workers to
  * add checksums to. If the caller wants to ensure that no concurrently
  * running CREATE DATABASE calls exist, this needs to be preceded by a call
  * to WaitForAllTransactionsToFinish().
@@ -1393,11 +1393,11 @@ BuildDatabaseList(void)
 	while (HeapTupleIsValid(tup = heap_getnext(scan, ForwardScanDirection)))
 	{
 		Form_pg_database pgdb = (Form_pg_database) GETSTRUCT(tup);
-		DataChecksumsWorkerDatabase *db;
+		DataChecksumWorkerDatabase *db;
 
 		oldctx = MemoryContextSwitchTo(ctx);
 
-		db = (DataChecksumsWorkerDatabase *) palloc0(sizeof(DataChecksumsWorkerDatabase));
+		db = (DataChecksumWorkerDatabase *) palloc0(sizeof(DataChecksumWorkerDatabase));
 
 		db->dboid = pgdb->oid;
 		db->dbname = pstrdup(NameStr(pgdb->datname));
@@ -1421,7 +1421,7 @@ FreeDatabaseList(List *dblist)
 	if (!dblist)
 		return;
 
-	foreach_ptr(DataChecksumsWorkerDatabase, db, dblist)
+	foreach_ptr(DataChecksumWorkerDatabase, db, dblist)
 	{
 		if (db->dbname != NULL)
 			pfree(db->dbname);
@@ -1496,7 +1496,7 @@ BuildRelationList(bool temp_relations, bool include_shared)
 }
 
 /*
- * DataChecksumsWorkerMain
+ * DataChecksumWorkerMain
  *
  * Main function for enabling checksums in a single database. This is the
  * function set as the bgw_function_name in the dynamic background worker
@@ -1507,7 +1507,7 @@ BuildRelationList(bool temp_relations, bool include_shared)
  * existing temporary relations with data checksums.
  */
 void
-DataChecksumsWorkerMain(Datum arg)
+DataChecksumWorkerMain(Datum arg)
 {
 	Oid			dboid = DatumGetObjectId(arg);
 	List	   *RelationList = NIL;
@@ -1526,7 +1526,7 @@ DataChecksumsWorkerMain(Datum arg)
 
 	BackgroundWorkerUnblockSignals();
 
-	MyBackendType = B_DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_WORKER;
+	MyBackendType = B_DATACHECKSUMWORKER_WORKER;
 	init_ps_display(NULL);
 
 	BackgroundWorkerInitializeConnectionByOid(dboid, InvalidOid,
@@ -1606,7 +1606,7 @@ DataChecksumsWorkerMain(Datum arg)
 		 * to reflect the new values and signal that the access strategy needs
 		 * to be refreshed.
 		 */
-		LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumsWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
 		if ((DataChecksumState->launch_cost_delay != DataChecksumState->cost_delay)
 			|| (DataChecksumState->launch_cost_limit != DataChecksumState->cost_limit))
 		{
@@ -1620,7 +1620,7 @@ DataChecksumsWorkerMain(Datum arg)
 		}
 		else
 			costs_updated = false;
-		LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+		LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 
 		if (costs_updated)
 		{
@@ -1634,9 +1634,9 @@ DataChecksumsWorkerMain(Datum arg)
 
 	if (aborted || abort_requested)
 	{
-		LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumsWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
-		DataChecksumState->success = DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_ABORTED;
-		LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+		LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		DataChecksumState->success = DATACHECKSUMWORKER_ABORTED;
+		LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg("data checksum processing aborted in database OID %u",
 					   dboid));
@@ -1669,7 +1669,7 @@ DataChecksumsWorkerMain(Datum arg)
 		list_free(CurrentTempTables);
 
 #ifdef USE_INJECTION_POINTS
-		if (IS_INJECTION_POINT_ATTACHED("datachecksumsworker-fake-temptable-wait"))
+		if (IS_INJECTION_POINT_ATTACHED("datachecksumworker-fake-temptable-wait"))
 		{
 			/* Make sure to just cause one retry */
 			if (!retried && numleft == 0)
@@ -1677,7 +1677,7 @@ DataChecksumsWorkerMain(Datum arg)
 				numleft = 1;
 				retried = true;
 
-				INJECTION_POINT_CACHED("datachecksumsworker-fake-temptable-wait", NULL);
+				INJECTION_POINT_CACHED("datachecksumworker-fake-temptable-wait", NULL);
 			}
 		}
 #endif
@@ -1706,9 +1706,9 @@ DataChecksumsWorkerMain(Datum arg)
 
 		if (aborted || abort_requested)
 		{
-			LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumsWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
-			DataChecksumState->success = DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_ABORTED;
-			LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+			LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+			DataChecksumState->success = DATACHECKSUMWORKER_ABORTED;
+			LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 			ereport(LOG,
 					errmsg("data checksum processing aborted in database OID %u",
 						   dboid));
@@ -1721,7 +1721,7 @@ DataChecksumsWorkerMain(Datum arg)
 	/* worker done */
 	pgstat_progress_end_command();
 
-	LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumsWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
-	DataChecksumState->success = DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_SUCCESSFUL;
-	LWLockRelease(DataChecksumsWorkerLock);
+	LWLockAcquire(DataChecksumWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+	DataChecksumState->success = DATACHECKSUMWORKER_SUCCESSFUL;
+	LWLockRelease(DataChecksumWorkerLock);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c b/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
index 90c7c4528e8..0debcb18991 100644
--- a/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
+++ b/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
@@ -3010,8 +3010,8 @@ PostmasterStateMachine(void)
 
 			/* also add data checksums processes */
 			remainMask = btmask_add(remainMask,
-									B_DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_LAUNCHER,
-									B_DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_WORKER);
+									B_DATACHECKSUMWORKER_LAUNCHER,
+									B_DATACHECKSUMWORKER_WORKER);
 
 			/* All types should be included in targetMask or remainMask */
 			Assert((remainMask.mask | targetMask.mask) == BTYPE_MASK_ALL.mask);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..0e0c7acf0df 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 					case PROCSIGNAL_BARRIER_CHECKSUM_ON:
 					case PROCSIGNAL_BARRIER_CHECKSUM_INPROGRESS_OFF:
 					case PROCSIGNAL_BARRIER_CHECKSUM_OFF:
-						processed = AbsorbDataChecksumsBarrier(type);
+						processed = AbsorbDataChecksumBarrier(type);
 						break;
 				}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_backend.c b/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_backend.c
index 73461c9bca5..bccf6f27121 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_backend.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_backend.c
@@ -381,8 +381,8 @@ pgstat_tracks_backend_bktype(BackendType bktype)
 		case B_CHECKPOINTER:
 		case B_IO_WORKER:
 		case B_STARTUP:
-		case B_DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_LAUNCHER:
-		case B_DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_WORKER:
+		case B_DATACHECKSUMWORKER_LAUNCHER:
+		case B_DATACHECKSUMWORKER_WORKER:
 			return false;
 
 		case B_AUTOVAC_WORKER:
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_io.c b/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_io.c
index 13a5d8e6440..49f0466040b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_io.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_io.c
@@ -362,8 +362,8 @@ pgstat_tracks_io_bktype(BackendType bktype)
 		case B_LOGGER:
 			return false;
 
-		case B_DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_LAUNCHER:
-		case B_DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_WORKER:
+		case B_DATACHECKSUMWORKER_LAUNCHER:
+		case B_DATACHECKSUMWORKER_WORKER:
 		case B_AUTOVAC_LAUNCHER:
 		case B_AUTOVAC_WORKER:
 		case B_BACKEND:
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c b/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c
index 7ffc808073a..42a0e896f1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c
@@ -846,7 +846,7 @@ InitializeSessionUserIdStandalone(void)
 	 */
 	Assert(!IsUnderPostmaster || AmAutoVacuumWorkerProcess() ||
 		   AmLogicalSlotSyncWorkerProcess() || AmBackgroundWorkerProcess() ||
-		   AmDataChecksumsWorkerProcess());
+		   AmDataChecksumWorkerProcess());
 
 	/* call only once */
 	Assert(!OidIsValid(AuthenticatedUserId));
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c b/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c
index 2460e550f96..9acd984da42 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c
@@ -921,7 +921,7 @@ InitPostgres(const char *in_dbname, Oid dboid,
 					 errhint("You should immediately run CREATE USER \"%s\" SUPERUSER;.",
 							 username != NULL ? username : "postgres")));
 	}
-	else if (AmBackgroundWorkerProcess() || AmDataChecksumsWorkerProcess())
+	else if (AmBackgroundWorkerProcess() || AmDataChecksumWorkerProcess())
 	{
 		if (username == NULL && !OidIsValid(useroid))
 		{
diff --git a/src/include/miscadmin.h b/src/include/miscadmin.h
index 7de0a115402..bc538ac212e 100644
--- a/src/include/miscadmin.h
+++ b/src/include/miscadmin.h
@@ -370,8 +370,8 @@ typedef enum BackendType
 	B_WAL_SUMMARIZER,
 	B_WAL_WRITER,
 
-	B_DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_LAUNCHER,
-	B_DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_WORKER,
+	B_DATACHECKSUMWORKER_LAUNCHER,
+	B_DATACHECKSUMWORKER_WORKER,
 
 	/*
 	 * Logger is not connected to shared memory and does not have a PGPROC
@@ -398,9 +398,9 @@ extern PGDLLIMPORT BackendType MyBackendType;
 #define AmWalSummarizerProcess()	(MyBackendType == B_WAL_SUMMARIZER)
 #define AmWalWriterProcess()		(MyBackendType == B_WAL_WRITER)
 #define AmIoWorkerProcess()			(MyBackendType == B_IO_WORKER)
-#define AmDataChecksumsWorkerProcess() \
-	(MyBackendType == B_DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_LAUNCHER || \
-	 MyBackendType == B_DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_WORKER)
+#define AmDataChecksumWorkerProcess() \
+	(MyBackendType == B_DATACHECKSUMWORKER_LAUNCHER || \
+	 MyBackendType == B_DATACHECKSUMWORKER_WORKER)
 
 #define AmSpecialWorkerProcess() \
 	(AmAutoVacuumLauncherProcess() || \
diff --git a/src/include/postmaster/datachecksum_state.h b/src/include/postmaster/datachecksum_state.h
index 2a1ae10d55d..4426f9dc622 100644
--- a/src/include/postmaster/datachecksum_state.h
+++ b/src/include/postmaster/datachecksum_state.h
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@
 
 #include "storage/procsignal.h"
 
-/* Possible operations the DataChecksumsWorker can perform */
-typedef enum DataChecksumsWorkerOperation
+/* Possible operations the DataChecksumWorker can perform */
+typedef enum DataChecksumWorkerOperation
 {
 	ENABLE_DATACHECKSUMS,
 	DISABLE_DATACHECKSUMS,
-} DataChecksumsWorkerOperation;
+} DataChecksumWorkerOperation;
 
 /*
  * Possible states for a database entry which has been processed. Exported
@@ -30,25 +30,25 @@ typedef enum DataChecksumsWorkerOperation
  */
 typedef enum
 {
-	DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_SUCCESSFUL = 0,
-	DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_ABORTED,
-	DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_FAILED,
-	DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_DROPDB,
-} DataChecksumsWorkerResult;
+	DATACHECKSUMWORKER_SUCCESSFUL = 0,
+	DATACHECKSUMWORKER_ABORTED,
+	DATACHECKSUMWORKER_FAILED,
+	DATACHECKSUMWORKER_DROPDB,
+} DataChecksumWorkerResult;
 
 /* Prototypes for data checksum state manipulation */
-bool		AbsorbDataChecksumsBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType barrier);
-void		EmitAndWaitDataChecksumsBarrier(uint32 state);
+bool		AbsorbDataChecksumBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType barrier);
+void		EmitAndWaitDataChecksumBarrier(uint32 state);
 
 /* Prototypes for data checksum background worker */
 
 /* Start the background processes for enabling or disabling checksums */
-void		StartDataChecksumsWorkerLauncher(DataChecksumsWorkerOperation op,
-											 int cost_delay,
-											 int cost_limit);
+void		StartDataChecksumWorkerLauncher(DataChecksumWorkerOperation op,
+											int cost_delay,
+											int cost_limit);
 
 /* Background worker entrypoints */
-void		DataChecksumsWorkerLauncherMain(Datum arg);
-void		DataChecksumsWorkerMain(Datum arg);
+void		DataChecksumWorkerLauncherMain(Datum arg);
+void		DataChecksumWorkerMain(Datum arg);
 
 #endif							/* DATACHECKSUM_STATE_H */
diff --git a/src/include/postmaster/proctypelist.h b/src/include/postmaster/proctypelist.h
index b3477e6f17a..ec84860a613 100644
--- a/src/include/postmaster/proctypelist.h
+++ b/src/include/postmaster/proctypelist.h
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ PG_PROCTYPE(B_BACKEND, "backend", gettext_noop("client backend"), BackendMain, t
 PG_PROCTYPE(B_BG_WORKER, "bgworker", gettext_noop("background worker"), BackgroundWorkerMain, true)
 PG_PROCTYPE(B_BG_WRITER, "bgwriter", gettext_noop("background writer"), BackgroundWriterMain, true)
 PG_PROCTYPE(B_CHECKPOINTER, "checkpointer", gettext_noop("checkpointer"), CheckpointerMain, true)
-PG_PROCTYPE(B_DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_LAUNCHER, "checksums", gettext_noop("datachecksum launcher"), NULL, false)
-PG_PROCTYPE(B_DATACHECKSUMSWORKER_WORKER, "checksums", gettext_noop("datachecksum worker"), NULL, false)
+PG_PROCTYPE(B_DATACHECKSUMWORKER_LAUNCHER, "checksums", gettext_noop("datachecksum launcher"), NULL, false)
+PG_PROCTYPE(B_DATACHECKSUMWORKER_WORKER, "checksums", gettext_noop("datachecksum worker"), NULL, false)
 PG_PROCTYPE(B_DEAD_END_BACKEND, "backend", gettext_noop("dead-end client backend"), BackendMain, true)
 PG_PROCTYPE(B_INVALID, "postmaster", gettext_noop("unrecognized"), NULL, false)
 PG_PROCTYPE(B_IO_WORKER, "ioworker", gettext_noop("io worker"), IoWorkerMain, true)
diff --git a/src/include/storage/subsystemlist.h b/src/include/storage/subsystemlist.h
index 9ad619080be..e9bd1ce0681 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/subsystemlist.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/subsystemlist.h
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ PG_SHMEM_SUBSYSTEM(InjectionPointShmemCallbacks)
 #endif
 PG_SHMEM_SUBSYSTEM(WaitLSNShmemCallbacks)
 PG_SHMEM_SUBSYSTEM(LogicalDecodingCtlShmemCallbacks)
-PG_SHMEM_SUBSYSTEM(DataChecksumsShmemCallbacks)
+PG_SHMEM_SUBSYSTEM(DataChecksumShmemCallbacks)
 
 /* AIO subsystem. This delegates to the method-specific callbacks */
 PG_SHMEM_SUBSYSTEM(AioShmemCallbacks)
-- 
2.47.3


----Next_Part(Thu_May_28_12_16_22_2026_214)----





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-06-30 21:41 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:41 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers to pg_atomic_* variables or local variables that hold a
value returned by a pg_atomic_* function.  The pointer arguments
for the pg_atomic_* functions are volatile-qualified, so there's no
need to mark the pointer volatile.  Likewise, a local variable that
just holds the result of a pg_atomic_* function gains nothing from
volatile.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
when they were modified inside a PG_TRY block and used afterward,
but the PG_TRY was later removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  2 +-
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  | 10 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..47975ba892f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
+	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..4acef19e563 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
 {
 	uint64		local_gen;
 	uint64		shared_gen;
-	volatile uint32 flags;
+	uint32		flags;
 
 	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--hE8tq9meMVMcgUcn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers
@ 2026-06-30 21:47 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  2026-07-06 11:58 ` Re: remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers Heikki Linnakangas <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-06-30 21:47 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: pgsql-hackers

I looked into some of these earlier [0], but ended up leaving them alone at
the time.  Here is a new patch that removes all of the volatile markers in
the tree that seemed obviously unnecessary to me.

[0] https://postgr.es/m/aZX2oUcKf7IzHnnK%40nathan

-- 
nathan


^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* Re: remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers
  2026-06-30 21:47 remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
@ 2026-07-06 11:58 ` Heikki Linnakangas <[email protected]>
  2026-07-06 15:47   ` Re: remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 565+ messages in thread

From: Heikki Linnakangas @ 2026-07-06 11:58 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On 01/07/2026 00:47, Nathan Bossart wrote:
> I looked into some of these earlier [0], but ended up leaving them alone at
> the time.  Here is a new patch that removes all of the volatile markers in
> the tree that seemed obviously unnecessary to me.

Thanks!

> --- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
> +++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
> @@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
>  TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
>  								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
>  {
> -	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
> +	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
>  	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
>  	uint32		nextidx;
>  	uint32		wakeidx;

You might want to get rid of the local variable altogether and just 
refer to ProcGlobal directly..

> @@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
>  {
>  	uint64		local_gen;
>  	uint64		shared_gen;
> -	volatile uint32 flags;
> +	uint32		flags;
>  
>  	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
>  

Are you sure about this one? 'flags' is used in the PG_TRY/CATCH block 
that follows. It is modified in the PG_TRY(), here:

> 
> 				/*
> 				 * To avoid an infinite loop, we must always unset the bit in
> 				 * flags.
> 				 */
> 				BARRIER_CLEAR_BIT(flags, type);

and read later in the PG_CATCH() block.


The rest looks OK to me.

- Heikki





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* Re: remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers
  2026-06-30 21:47 remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  2026-07-06 11:58 ` Re: remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers Heikki Linnakangas <[email protected]>
@ 2026-07-06 15:47   ` Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  2026-07-07 16:03     ` Re: remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:47 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Heikki Linnakangas <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers

On Mon, Jul 06, 2026 at 02:58:12PM +0300, Heikki Linnakangas wrote:
> On 01/07/2026 00:47, Nathan Bossart wrote:
>> I looked into some of these earlier [0], but ended up leaving them alone at
>> the time.  Here is a new patch that removes all of the volatile markers in
>> the tree that seemed obviously unnecessary to me.
> 
> Thanks!

Thanks for reviewing.

>> --- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
>> +++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
>> @@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static bool
>>  TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
>>  								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
>>  {
>> -	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
>> +	PROC_HDR   *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
>>  	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
>>  	uint32		nextidx;
>>  	uint32		wakeidx;
> 
> You might want to get rid of the local variable altogether and just refer to
> ProcGlobal directly..

Done.

>> @@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ ProcessProcSignalBarrier(void)
>>  {
>>  	uint64		local_gen;
>>  	uint64		shared_gen;
>> -	volatile uint32 flags;
>> +	uint32		flags;
>>  	Assert(MyProcSignalSlot);
> 
> Are you sure about this one? 'flags' is used in the PG_TRY/CATCH block that
> follows. It is modified in the PG_TRY(), here:
> 
>> 
>> 				/*
>> 				 * To avoid an infinite loop, we must always unset the bit in
>> 				 * flags.
>> 				 */
>> 				BARRIER_CLEAR_BIT(flags, type);
> 
> and read later in the PG_CATCH() block.

Whoops.  You are right.  I reverted this part.

-- 
nathan


^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* Re: remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers
  2026-06-30 21:47 remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  2026-07-06 11:58 ` Re: remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers Heikki Linnakangas <[email protected]>
  2026-07-06 15:47   ` Re: remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
@ 2026-07-07 16:03     ` Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-07 16:03 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Heikki Linnakangas <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers

Committed.

-- 
nathan






^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers.
@ 2026-07-06 15:24 Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 565+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2026-07-06 15:24 UTC (permalink / raw)

This commit cleans up volatile qualifiers that fit the below
criteria:

* Accesses to shared memory protected by a spinlock or LWLock.
Before commit 0709b7ee72, callers had to use volatile when
accessing spinlock-protected shared memory.  Since spinlock
acquire/release became compiler barriers, and because LWLocks
provide the same guarantee, that is no longer necessary.  These
either predate that change or were cargo-culted from code that did.

* Pointers used only to find the address of a member.  The volatile
qualifier only affects accesses made by dereferencing the pointer,
so it is unnecessary there.

* Accesses to struct members that are marked volatile in the struct
definition.  There's no need to mark these pointers volatile,
either.

* Leftovers from removed PG_TRY blocks.  These were marked volatile
to protect a value that is modified inside a PG_TRY block and used
afterward, but the PG_TRY has since been removed.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/clog.c     |  7 +++---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c          |  4 ++--
 src/backend/replication/syncrep.c     | 19 +++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c  |  8 +++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c     | 31 ++++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c       |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c       |  3 +--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c  |  4 ++--
 src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
index 75012d4b8f0..6f7f6b86eb6 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ static bool
 TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 								XLogRecPtr lsn, int64 pageno)
 {
-	volatile PROC_HDR *procglobal = ProcGlobal;
 	PGPROC	   *proc = MyProc;
 	uint32		nextidx;
 	uint32		wakeidx;
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * different from ours.  If another group starts to update a page in the
 	 * same bank as ours, they wait until we release the lock.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst);
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_read_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst);
 
 	while (true)
 	{
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 
 		pg_atomic_write_u32(&proc->clogGroupNext, nextidx);
 
-		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+		if (pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 										   &nextidx,
 										   (uint32) MyProcNumber))
 			break;
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ TransactionGroupUpdateXidStatus(TransactionId xid, XidStatus status,
 	 * At this point, any processes trying to do this would create a separate
 	 * group.
 	 */
-	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&procglobal->clogGroupFirst,
+	nextidx = pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&ProcGlobal->clogGroupFirst,
 									 INVALID_PROC_NUMBER);
 
 	/* Remember head of list so we can perform wakeups after dropping lock. */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 9407c357f27..81bba4beac7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@ reindex_index(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid indexId,
 	int			save_sec_context;
 	int			save_nestlevel;
 	IndexInfo  *indexInfo;
-	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
+	bool		skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0);
 	bool		set_tablespace = false;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index eee8bc29f38..2799f989b96 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ static void CleanupListenersOnExit(void);
 static bool IsListeningOn(const char *channel);
 static void asyncQueueUnregister(void);
 static bool asyncQueueIsFull(void);
-static bool asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
+static bool asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength);
 static void asyncQueueNotificationToEntry(Notification *n, AsyncQueueEntry *qe);
 static ListCell *asyncQueueAddEntries(ListCell *nextNotify);
 static double asyncQueueUsage(void);
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ asyncQueueIsFull(void)
  * returns true, else false.
  */
 static bool
-asyncQueueAdvance(volatile QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
+asyncQueueAdvance(QueuePosition *position, int entryLength)
 {
 	int64		pageno = QUEUE_POS_PAGE(*position);
 	int			offset = QUEUE_POS_OFFSET(*position);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
index e0e30579c59..d870f09e0a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/syncrep.c
@@ -483,7 +483,6 @@ SyncRepInitConfig(void)
 void
 SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	XLogRecPtr	writePtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	flushPtr;
 	XLogRecPtr	applyPtr;
@@ -558,19 +557,19 @@ SyncRepReleaseWaiters(void)
 	 * Set the lsn first so that when we wake backends they will release up to
 	 * this location.
 	 */
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] < writePtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE] = writePtr;
 		numwrite = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_WRITE);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] < flushPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH] = flushPtr;
 		numflush = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_FLUSH);
 	}
-	if (walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
+	if (WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] < applyPtr)
 	{
-		walsndctl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
+		WalSndCtl->lsn[SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY] = applyPtr;
 		numapply = SyncRepWakeQueue(false, SYNC_REP_WAIT_APPLY);
 	}
 
@@ -777,8 +776,7 @@ SyncRepGetCandidateStandbys(SyncRepStandbyData **standbys)
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
 	{
-		volatile WalSnd *walsnd;	/* Use volatile pointer to prevent code
-									 * rearrangement */
+		WalSnd	   *walsnd;
 		SyncRepStandbyData *stby;
 		WalSndState state;		/* not included in SyncRepStandbyData */
 
@@ -915,7 +913,6 @@ SyncRepGetStandbyPriority(void)
 static int
 SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 {
-	volatile WalSndCtlData *walsndctl = WalSndCtl;
 	int			numprocs = 0;
 	dlist_mutable_iter iter;
 
@@ -930,7 +927,7 @@ SyncRepWakeQueue(bool all, int mode)
 		/*
 		 * Assume the queue is ordered by LSN
 		 */
-		if (!all && walsndctl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
+		if (!all && WalSndCtl->lsn[mode] < proc->waitLSN)
 			return numprocs;
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 1397f65f67b..21a77f98c1d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg)
 int
 SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, ProcNumber procNumber)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 
 	if (procNumber != INVALID_PROC_NUMBER)
 	{
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
 		pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&slot->pss_barrierCheckMask, flagbit);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 */
 	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
-		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
+		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = pg_atomic_read_u32(&slot->pss_pid);
 
 		if (pid != 0)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags)
 static bool
 CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason)
 {
-	volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
+	ProcSignalSlot *slot = MyProcSignalSlot;
 
 	if (slot != NULL)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
index 2f9fbb0a519..2217d48c3d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/shm_toc.c
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ shm_toc_attach(uint64 magic, void *address)
 void *
 shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -103,9 +102,9 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
 		+ allocated_bytes;
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 				 errmsg("out of shared memory")));
 	}
-	vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
+	toc->toc_allocated_bytes += nbytes;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
@@ -130,16 +129,15 @@ shm_toc_allocate(shm_toc *toc, Size nbytes)
 Size
 shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
 	Size		toc_bytes;
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry);
@@ -170,7 +168,6 @@ shm_toc_freespace(shm_toc *toc)
 void
 shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 {
-	volatile shm_toc *vtoc = toc;
 	Size		total_bytes;
 	Size		allocated_bytes;
 	Size		nentry;
@@ -183,14 +180,14 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 
 	SpinLockAcquire(&toc->toc_mutex);
 
-	total_bytes = vtoc->toc_total_bytes;
-	allocated_bytes = vtoc->toc_allocated_bytes;
-	nentry = vtoc->toc_nentry;
+	total_bytes = toc->toc_total_bytes;
+	allocated_bytes = toc->toc_allocated_bytes;
+	nentry = toc->toc_nentry;
 
 #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* Verify no duplicate keys */
 	for (Size i = 0; i < nentry; i++)
-		Assert(vtoc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
+		Assert(toc->toc_entry[i].key != key);
 #endif
 
 	toc_bytes = offsetof(shm_toc, toc_entry) + nentry * sizeof(shm_toc_entry)
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	}
 
 	Assert(offset < total_bytes);
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
-	vtoc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].key = key;
+	toc->toc_entry[nentry].offset = offset;
 
 	/*
 	 * By placing a write barrier after filling in the entry and before
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ shm_toc_insert(shm_toc *toc, uint64 key, void *address)
 	 */
 	pg_write_barrier();
 
-	vtoc->toc_nentry++;
+	toc->toc_nentry++;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&toc->toc_mutex);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index 8d246ed5a4e..5ee80c7632e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ typedef struct
 	uint32		count[FAST_PATH_STRONG_LOCK_HASH_PARTITIONS];
 } FastPathStrongRelationLockData;
 
-static volatile FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
+static FastPathStrongRelationLockData *FastPathStrongRelationLocks;
 
 static void LockManagerShmemRequest(void *arg);
 static void LockManagerShmemInit(void *arg);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 7d01c981a1f..87dd289f626 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -660,8 +660,7 @@ InitAuxiliaryProcess(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Mark auxiliary proc as in use by me */
-	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
-	((volatile PGPROC *) auxproc)->pid = MyProcPid;
+	auxproc->pid = MyProcPid;
 
 	SpinLockRelease(&ProcGlobal->freeProcsLock);
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
index 4f40a61e3d9..991fe27a7fa 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/setup.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static worker_state *setup_background_workers(int nworkers,
 											  dsm_segment *seg);
 static void cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg);
 static void wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-											 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
+											 test_shm_mq_header *hdr);
 static bool check_worker_status(worker_state *wstate);
 
 /* value cached, fetched from shared memory */
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ cleanup_background_workers(dsm_segment *seg, Datum arg)
 
 static void
 wait_for_workers_to_become_ready(worker_state *wstate,
-								 volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
+								 test_shm_mq_header *hdr)
 {
 	bool		result = false;
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
index e13c05ae5c7..0ba1cfcac47 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/worker.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_shm_mq_main(Datum main_arg)
 	shm_toc    *toc;
 	shm_mq_handle *inqh;
 	shm_mq_handle *outqh;
-	volatile test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
+	test_shm_mq_header *hdr;
 	int			myworkernumber;
 	PGPROC	   *registrant;
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)


--z39t9WErpHrlykOW--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 565+ messages in thread


end of thread, other threads:[~2026-07-07 16:03 UTC | newest]

Thread overview: 565+ messages (download: mbox mbox.gz follow: Atom feed)
-- links below jump to the message on this page --
2023-02-25 21:39 [PATCH v1] WIP: Evaluate arguments of correlated SubPlans in the referencing ExprState Andres Freund <[email protected]>
2023-02-25 21:39 [PATCH v2] WIP: Evaluate arguments of correlated SubPlans in the referencing ExprState Andres Freund <[email protected]>
2026-02-18 16:31 [PATCH v1 1/3] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-05-26 07:56 [PATCH 4/4] Use singular "datachecksum" consistently in process names Kyotaro Horiguchi <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
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2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
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2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
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2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
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2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
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2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:41 [PATCH v1 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-06-30 21:47 remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 11:58 ` Re: remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers Heikki Linnakangas <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:47   ` Re: remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-07 16:03     ` Re: remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2026-07-06 15:24 [PATCH v2 1/1] Remove unnecessary volatile qualifiers. Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>

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