From: Stephen Davies <scldad@sdc.com.au>
Organization: Stephen Davies Consulting P/L
To: pgsql-performance@postgresql.org
Subject: Optimising "in" queries
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Date: Wed, 22 Aug 2007 12:10:36 +0930
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Message-Id: <200708221210.36770.scldad@sdc.com.au>

I have a PostgreSQL 8.2.4 table with some seven million rows.

The psql query:

select count(rdate),rdate from reading where sensor_id in 
(1137,1138,1139) group by rdate order by rdate desc limit 1;

takes a few seconds but:

select count(rdate),rdate from reading where sensor_id in 
(1137,1138,1139,1140) group by rdate order by rdate desc limit 1;

(anything with four or more values in the "in" list) takes several 
minutes.

Is there any way to make the "larger" queries more efficient?

Both rdate and sensor_id are indexed and the database is vacuumed every 
night.

The values in the "in" list are seldom as "neat" as in the above 
examples. Actual values can range from 1 to about 2000. The number of 
values ranges from 2 to about 10.

Explain outputs are:

benparts=# explain select count(rdate),rdate from reading where 
sensor_id in (1137,1138,1139,1140) group by rdate order by rdate desc 
limit 1;
                                            QUERY PLAN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Limit  (cost=0.00..39890.96 rows=1 width=8)
   ->  GroupAggregate  (cost=0.00..7938300.21 rows=199 width=8)
         ->  Index Scan Backward using date on reading  
(cost=0.00..7937884.59 rows=82625 width=8)
               Filter: (sensor_id = ANY 
('{1137,1138,1139,1140}'::integer[]))
(4 rows)

benparts=# explain select count(rdate),rdate from reading where 
sensor_id in (1137,1138,1139) group by rdate order by rdate desc limit 
1;
                                             QUERY PLAN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Limit  (cost=48364.32..48364.32 rows=1 width=8)
   ->  Sort  (cost=48364.32..48364.49 rows=69 width=8)
         Sort Key: rdate
         ->  HashAggregate  (cost=48361.35..48362.21 rows=69 width=8)
               ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on reading  (cost=535.53..48218.10 
rows=28650 width=8)
                     Recheck Cond: (sensor_id = ANY 
('{1137,1138,1139}'::integer[]))
                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on reading_sensor  
(cost=0.00..528.37 rows=28650 width=0)
                           Index Cond: (sensor_id = ANY 
('{1137,1138,1139}'::integer[]))
(8 rows)

TIA,
Stephen Davies
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