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Message-ID: <40BD94BC.5030903@trade-india.com>
Date: Wed, 02 Jun 2004 14:20:04 +0530
From: Rajesh Kumar Mallah <mallah@trade-india.com>
Organization: Infocom Network Limited
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To: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Cc: pgsql-sql@postgresql.org
Subject: Re: Query becoming slower on adding a primary key
References: 
 <33303.192.168.0.100.1086117670.squirrel@system67.trade-india-local.com>
	<16609.1086125809@sss.pgh.pa.us>
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Tom Lane wrote:

>mallah@trade-india.com writes:
>  
>
>>tradein_clients=# explain analyze select  email_id ,email ,contact from
>>t_a a join email_source f using(email_id) join email_subscriptions h
>>using(email_id) where 1=1 and f.source_id =1 and h.sub_id = 3  ;
>>    
>>
>
>  
>
>>Runs for Ever.
>>    
>>
>
>So what does plain explain say about it?
>  
>
Oops sorry that was a valuable info i left. (sorry for delay too)

tradein_clients=# explain  select  email_id ,email ,contact from t_a a 
join email_source f using(email_id) join email_subscriptions h
using(email_id) where 1=1 and f.source_id =1 and h.sub_id = 3  ;
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                       QUERY 
PLAN                                        |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Hash Join  (cost=133741.48..224746.39 rows=328814 
width=40)                             |
|   Hash Cond: ("outer".email_id = 
"inner".email_id)                                      |
|   ->  Seq Scan on email_subscriptions h  (cost=0.00..70329.54 
rows=749735 width=4)      |
|         Filter: (sub_id = 
3)                                                            |
|   ->  Hash  (cost=130230.99..130230.99 rows=324994 
width=44)                            |
|         ->  Hash Join  (cost=26878.00..130230.99 rows=324994 
width=44)                  |
|               Hash Cond: ("outer".email_id = 
"inner".email_id)                          |
|               ->  Seq Scan on email_source f  (cost=0.00..26159.21 
rows=324994 width=4) |
|                     Filter: (source_id = 
1)                                             |
|               ->  Hash  (cost=18626.80..18626.80 rows=800080 
width=40)                  |
|                     ->  Seq Scan on t_a a  (cost=0.00..18626.80 
rows=800080 width=40)   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
(11 rows)

Time: 452.417 ms
tradein_clients=# ALTER TABLE t_a add primary key(email_id);
NOTICE:  ALTER TABLE / ADD PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 
"t_a_pkey" for table "t_a"
ALTER TABLE
Time: 7923.230 ms
tradein_clients=# explain  select  email_id ,email ,contact from t_a a 
join email_source f using(email_id) join email_subscriptions
h using(email_id) where 1=1 and f.source_id =1 and h.sub_id = 3  ;
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                    QUERY 
PLAN                                                     |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Hash Join  (cost=106819.76..197824.68 rows=328814 
width=40)                                                       |
|   Hash Cond: ("outer".email_id = 
"inner".email_id)                                                                
|
|   ->  Seq Scan on email_subscriptions h  (cost=0.00..70329.54 
rows=749735 width=4)                                |
|         Filter: (sub_id = 
3)                                                                                      
|
|   ->  Hash  (cost=103309.28..103309.28 rows=324994 
width=44)                                                      |
|         ->  Merge Join  (cost=0.00..103309.28 rows=324994 
width=44)                                               |
|               Merge Cond: ("outer".email_id = 
"inner".email_id)                                                   |
|               ->  Index Scan using t_a_pkey on t_a a  
(cost=0.00..44689.59 rows=800080 width=40)                  |
|               ->  Index Scan using email_source_pkey on email_source 
f  (cost=0.00..52602.59 rows=324994 width=4) |
|                     Filter: (source_id = 
1)                                                                       |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
(10 rows)

Time: 2436.551 ms
tradein_clients=#



Regds
Mallah.


>			regards, tom lane
>
>  
>


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<br>
Tom Lane wrote:
<blockquote cite="mid16609.1086125809@sss.pgh.pa.us" type="cite">
  <pre wrap=""><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:mallah@trade-india.com">mallah@trade-india.com</a> writes:
  </pre>
  <blockquote type="cite">
    <pre wrap="">tradein_clients=# explain analyze select  email_id ,email ,contact from
t_a a join email_source f using(email_id) join email_subscriptions h
using(email_id) where 1=1 and f.source_id =1 and h.sub_id = 3  ;
    </pre>
  </blockquote>
  <pre wrap=""><!---->
  </pre>
  <blockquote type="cite">
    <pre wrap="">Runs for Ever.
    </pre>
  </blockquote>
  <pre wrap=""><!---->
So what does plain explain say about it?
  </pre>
</blockquote>
Oops sorry that was a valuable info i left. (sorry for delay too)<br>
<small><br>
<tt>tradein_clients=# explain&nbsp; select&nbsp; email_id ,email ,contact from
t_a a join email_source f using(email_id) join email_subscriptions h <br>
using(email_id) where 1=1 and f.source_id =1 and h.sub_id = 3&nbsp; ;<br>
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+<br>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QUERY
PLAN&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<br>
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+<br>
| Hash Join&nbsp; (cost=133741.48..224746.39 rows=328814
width=40)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<br>
|&nbsp;&nbsp; Hash Cond: ("outer".email_id =
"inner".email_id)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<br>
|&nbsp;&nbsp; -&gt;&nbsp; Seq Scan on email_subscriptions h&nbsp; (cost=0.00..70329.54
rows=749735 width=4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<br>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Filter: (sub_id =
3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<br>
|&nbsp;&nbsp; -&gt;&nbsp; Hash&nbsp; (cost=130230.99..130230.99 rows=324994
width=44)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<br>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -&gt;&nbsp; Hash Join&nbsp; (cost=26878.00..130230.99 rows=324994
width=44)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<br>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hash Cond: ("outer".email_id =
"inner".email_id)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<br>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -&gt;&nbsp; Seq Scan on email_source f&nbsp; (cost=0.00..26159.21
rows=324994 width=4) |<br>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Filter: (source_id =
1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<br>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -&gt;&nbsp; Hash&nbsp; (cost=18626.80..18626.80 rows=800080
width=40)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<br>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -&gt;&nbsp; Seq Scan on t_a a&nbsp; (cost=0.00..18626.80
rows=800080 width=40)&nbsp;&nbsp; |<br>
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+<br>
(11 rows)<br>
<br>
Time: 452.417 ms<br>
tradein_clients=# ALTER TABLE t_a add primary key(email_id);<br>
NOTICE:&nbsp; ALTER TABLE / ADD PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index
"t_a_pkey" for table "t_a"<br>
ALTER TABLE<br>
Time: 7923.230 ms<br>
tradein_clients=# explain&nbsp; select&nbsp; email_id ,email ,contact from t_a a
join email_source f using(email_id) join email_subscriptions <br>
h using(email_id) where 1=1 and f.source_id =1 and h.sub_id = 3&nbsp; ;<br>
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+<br>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QUERY
PLAN&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<br>
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+<br>
| Hash Join&nbsp; (cost=106819.76..197824.68 rows=328814
width=40)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<br>
|&nbsp;&nbsp; Hash Cond: ("outer".email_id =
"inner".email_id)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|<br>
|&nbsp;&nbsp; -&gt;&nbsp; Seq Scan on email_subscriptions h&nbsp; (cost=0.00..70329.54
rows=749735 width=4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<br>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Filter: (sub_id =
3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|<br>
|&nbsp;&nbsp; -&gt;&nbsp; Hash&nbsp; (cost=103309.28..103309.28 rows=324994
width=44)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<br>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -&gt;&nbsp; Merge Join&nbsp; (cost=0.00..103309.28 rows=324994
width=44)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<br>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Merge Cond: ("outer".email_id =
"inner".email_id)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<br>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -&gt;&nbsp; Index Scan using t_a_pkey on t_a a&nbsp;
(cost=0.00..44689.59 rows=800080 width=40)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<br>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -&gt;&nbsp; Index Scan using email_source_pkey on
email_source f&nbsp; (cost=0.00..52602.59 rows=324994 width=4) |<br>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Filter: (source_id =
1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|<br>
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+<br>
(10 rows)<br>
<br>
Time: 2436.551 ms<br>
tradein_clients=#</tt></small><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Regds<br>
Mallah.<br>
<br>
<br>
<blockquote cite="mid16609.1086125809@sss.pgh.pa.us" type="cite">
  <pre wrap="">
			regards, tom lane

  </pre>
</blockquote>
<br>
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