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On partitioning
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* On partitioning
@ 2014-08-29 15:56  Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 7 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Alvaro Herrera @ 2014-08-29 15:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: pgsql-hackers

Prompted by a comment in the UPDATE/LIMIT thread, I saw Marko Tiikkaja
reference Tom's post
http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/[email protected]
which mentions the possibility of a different partitioning
implementation than what we have so far.  As it turns out, I've been
thinking about partitioning recently, so I thought I would share what
I'm thinking so that others can poke holes.  My intention is to try to
implement this as soon as possible.


Declarative partitioning
========================

In this design, partitions are first-class objects, not normal tables in
inheritance hierarchies.  There are no pg_inherits entries involved at all.

Partitions are a physical implementation detail.  Therefore we do not allow
the owner to be changed, or permissions to be granted directly to partitions;
all these operations happen to the parent relation instead.

System Catalogs
---------------

In pg_class we have two additional relkind values:

* relkind RELKIND_PARTITIONED_REL 'P' indicates a partitioned relation.
  It is used to indicate a parent table, i.e. one the user can directly
  address in DML queries.  Such relations DO NOT have their own storage.
  These use the same rules as regular tables for access privileges,
  ownership and so on.

* relkind RELKIND_PARTITION 'p' indicates a partition within a partitioned
  relation (its parent).  These cannot be addressed directly in DML
  queries and only limited DDL support is provided.  They don't have
  their own pg_attribute entries either and therefore they are always
  identical in column definitions to the parent relation.  Since they
  are not accessible directly, there is no need for ACL considerations;
  the parent relation's owner is the owner, and grants are applied to
  the parent relation only.
  XXX --- is there a need for a partition having different column
  default values than its parent relation?

Partitions are numbered sequentially, normally from 1 onwards; but it is
valid to have negative partition numbers and 0.  Partitions don't have
names (except automatically generated ones for pg_class.relname, but
they are unusable in DDL).

Each partition is assigned an Expression that receives a tuple and
returns boolean.  This expression returns true if a given tuple belongs
into it, false otherwise.  If a tuple for a partitioned relation is run
through expressions of all partitions, exactly one should return true.
If none returns true, it might be because the partition has not been
created yet.  A user-facing error is raised in this case (Rationale: if
user creates a partitioned rel and there is no partition that accepts
some given tuple, it's the user's fault.)

Additionally, each partitioned relation may have a master expression.
This receives a tuple and returns an integer, which corresponds to the
number of the partition it belongs into.

There are two new system catalogs:

pg_partitioned_rel --> (prelrelid, prelexpr) pg_partition       -->
(partrelid, partseq, partexpr, partoverflow)

For partitioned rels that have prelexpr, we run that expression and
obtain the partition number; as a crosscheck we run partexpr and ensure
it returns true.  For partitioned rels that don't have prelexpr, we run
partexpr for each partition in turn until one returns true.  This means
that for a properly set up partitioned table, we need to run a single
expression on a tuple to find out what partition the tuple belongs into.

Per-partition expressions are formed as each partition is created, and
are based on the user-supplied partitioning criterion.  Master
expressions are formed at relation creation time.  (XXX Can we change
the master expression later, as a result of some ALTER command?
Presumably this would mean that all partitions might need to be
rewritten.)

Triggers --------

(These are user-defined triggers, not partitioning triggers.  In fact
there are no partitioning triggers at all.)

Triggers are attached to the parent relation, not to the specific
partition.  When a trigger function runs on a tuple inserted, updated or
modified on a partition, the data received by the trigger function makes
it appear that the tuple belongs to the parent relation.  There is no
need to let the trigger know which partition the tuple went in or came
from.   XXX is there a need to give it the partition number that the
tuple went it?


Syntax ------

CREATE TABLE xyz ( ... )  PARTITION BY RANGE ( a_expr ) This creates the
main table only: no partitions are created automatically.

We do not support other types of partitioning at this stage.  We will
implement these later.

We do not currently support ALTER TABLE/PARTITION BY (i.e. partition a
table after the fact).  We leave this as a future improvement.

Allowed actions on RELKIND_PARTITIONED_REL: * ALTER TABLE <xyz> CREATE
PARTITION <n> This creates a new partition * ALTER TABLE <xyz> CREATE
PARTITION FOR <value> Same as above; the partition number is determined
automatically.

Allowed actions on a RELKIND_PARTITION:

* ALTER PARTITION <n> ON TABLE <xyz> SET TABLESPACE * ALTER PARTITION
<n> ON TABLE <xyz> DROP * CREATE INDEX .. ON PARTITION <n> ON TABLE
<xyz> * VACUUM parent PARTITION <n>


As a future extension we will allow partitions to become detached from
the parent relation, thus becoming an independent table.  This might be
a relatively expensive operation: pg_attribute entries need to be
created, for example.

Overflow Partitions -------------------

There is no explicit concept of overflow partitions.

Vacuum, aging -------------

PARTITIONED_RELs, not containing tuples directly, do not have
relfrozenxid or relminmxid.  Each partition has individual values for
these variables.

Autovacuum knows to ignore PARTITIONED_RELs, and considers each
RELKIND_PARTITION separately.

Each partition is vacuumed as a normal relation.

Planner -------

A partitioned relation behaves just like a regular relation for purposes
of planner.  XXX do we need special considerations regarding relation
size estimation?

For scan plans, we need to prepare Append lists which are used to scan
for tuples in a partitioned relation.  We can setup fake constraint
expressions based on the partitioning expressions, which let the planner
discard unnecessary partitions by way of constraint exclusion.

(In the future we might be interested in creating specialized plan and
execution nodes that know more about partitioned relations, to avoid
creating useless Append trees only to prune them later.)

Executor --------

When doing an INSERT or UPDATE ResultRelInfo needs to be expanded for
partitioned relations: the target relation of an insertion is the parent
relation, but the actual partition needs to be resolved at ModifyTable
execution time.  This means RelOptInfo needs to know about partitions;
either we deal with them as "other rels" terms, or we create a new
RelOptKind.  At any rate, running the partitioning expression on the new
tuple would give an partition index.  This needs to be done once for
each new tuple.

I think during ExecInsert, after running triggers and before executing
constraints, we need to switch resultRelationDesc from the parent
relation into the partition-specific relation.

ExecInsertIndexTuples only knows about partitions.  It's an error to
call it using a partitioned rel.

Heap Access Method ------------------ For the purposes of low-level
routines in heapam.c, only partitions exist; trying to insert or modify
tuples in a RELKIND_PARTITIONED_REL is an error.  heap_insert and
heap_multi_insert only accept inserting tuples into an individual
partition.  These routines do not check that the tuples belong into the
specific partition; that's responsibility of higher-level code.  Because
of this, code like COPY will need to make its own checks.  Maybe we
should offer another API (in between high-level things such as
ModifyTable/COPY and heapam.c) that receives tuples into a
PARTITIONED_REL and routes them into specific partitions.  Note: need to
ensure we do not slow down COPY for the regular case of
RELKIND_RELATION.


Taking backups --------------

pg_dump is able to dump a partitioned relation as a CREATE
TABLE/PARTITION command and a series of ALTER TABLE/CREATE PARTITION
commands.  The data of all partitions is considered a single COPY
operation.

XXX this limits the ability to restore in parallel.  To fix we might consider
using one COPY for each partition.  It's not clear what relation should be
mentioned in such a COPY command, though -- my instinct is that it
should reference the parent table only, not the individual partition.

Previous Discussion
-------------------
 
http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/[email protected] 
Auto Partitioning Patch - WIP version 1
(Nikhil Sontakke, March 2007)

http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/[email protected]
Declarative partitioning grammar
(Gavin Sherry, January 2008)

http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/[email protected]
Patch for automating partitions in PostgreSQL 8.4 Beta 2
(Kedar Potdar, Jun 2009)

http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/[email protected]
Syntax for partitioning
(Itagaki Takahiro, Oct 2009)

http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/[email protected]
Partitioning syntax
(Itagaki Takahiro, Jan 2010)


Not really related:
	http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/[email protected]
	Dynamic Partitioning using Segment Visibility Maps
	(Simon Riggs, January 2008)


Still To Be Designed
--------------------
* Dependency issues
* Are indexes/constraints inherited from the parent rel?
* Multiple keys?  Subpartitioning?  Hash partitioning?


Open Questions
--------------

*  What's the syntax to refer to specific partitions within a partitioned
   table?
   We could do "TABLE <xyz> PARTITION <n>", but for example if in
   the future we add hash partitioning, we might need some non-integer
   addressing (OTOH assigning sequential numbers to hash partitions doesn't
   seem so bad).  Discussing with users of other DBMSs partitioning feature,
   one useful phrase is "TABLE <xyz> PARTITION FOR <value>".

* Do we want to provide partitioned materialized views?


-- 
Álvaro Herrera                http://www.2ndQuadrant.com/
PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Training & Services


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-08-29 16:35  Tom Lane <[email protected]>
  parent: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  6 siblings, 2 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Tom Lane @ 2014-08-29 16:35 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers

Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]> writes:
> [ partition sketch ]

> In this design, partitions are first-class objects, not normal tables in
> inheritance hierarchies.  There are no pg_inherits entries involved at all.

Hm, actually I'd say they are *not* first class objects; the problem with
the existing design is exactly that child tables *are* first class
objects.  This is merely a terminology quibble though.

> * relkind RELKIND_PARTITION 'p' indicates a partition within a partitioned
>   relation (its parent).  These cannot be addressed directly in DML
>   queries and only limited DDL support is provided.  They don't have
>   their own pg_attribute entries either and therefore they are always
>   identical in column definitions to the parent relation.

Not sure that not storing the pg_attribute rows is a good thing; but
that's something that won't be clear till you try to code it.

> Each partition is assigned an Expression that receives a tuple and
> returns boolean.  This expression returns true if a given tuple belongs
> into it, false otherwise.

-1, in fact minus a lot.  One of the core problems of the current approach
is that the system, particularly the planner, hasn't got a lot of insight
into exactly what the partitioning scheme is in a partitioned table built
on inheritance.  If you allow the partitioning rule to be a black box then
that doesn't get any better.  I want to see a design wherein the system
understands *exactly* what the partitioning behavior is.  I'd start with
supporting range-based partitioning explicitly, and maybe we could add
other behaviors such as hashing later.

In particular, there should never be any question at all that there is
exactly one partition that a given row belongs to, not more, not less.
You can't achieve that with a set of independent filter expressions;
a meta-rule that says "exactly one of them should return true" is an
untrustworthy band-aid.

(This does not preclude us from mapping the tuple through the partitioning
rule and finding that the corresponding partition doesn't currently exist.
I think we could view the partitioning rule as a function from tuples to
partition numbers, and then we look in pg_class to see if such a partition
exists.)

> Additionally, each partitioned relation may have a master expression.
> This receives a tuple and returns an integer, which corresponds to the
> number of the partition it belongs into.

I guess this might be the same thing I'm arguing for, except that I say
it is not optional but is *the* way you define the partitioning.  And
I don't really want black-box expressions even in this formulation.
If you're looking for arbitrary partitioning rules, you can keep on
using inheritance.  The point of inventing partitioning, IMHO, is for
the system to have a lot more understanding of the behavior than is
possible now.

As an example of the point I'm trying to make, the planner should be able
to discard range-based partitions that are eliminated by a WHERE clause
with something a great deal cheaper than the theorem prover it currently
has to use for the purpose.  Black-box partitioning rules not only don't
improve that situation, they actually make it worse.

Other than that, this sketch seems reasonable ...

			regards, tom lane


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-08-29 16:38  Greg Stark <[email protected]>
  parent: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  6 siblings, 1 reply; 307+ messages in thread

From: Greg Stark @ 2014-08-29 16:38 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers

On Fri, Aug 29, 2014 at 4:56 PM, Alvaro Herrera
<[email protected]> wrote:
> For scan plans, we need to prepare Append lists which are used to scan
> for tuples in a partitioned relation.  We can setup fake constraint
> expressions based on the partitioning expressions, which let the planner
> discard unnecessary partitions by way of constraint exclusion.
>
> (In the future we might be interested in creating specialized plan and
> execution nodes that know more about partitioned relations, to avoid
> creating useless Append trees only to prune them later.)

This seems like a big part of the point of doing first class
partitions. If we have an equivalence class that specifies a constant
for all the variables in the master expression then we should be able
to look up the corresponding partition as a O(1) operation (or
O(log(n) if it involves searching a list) rather than iterating over
all the partitions and trying to prove lots of exclusions. We might
even need a btree index to store the partitions so that we can handle
scaling up and still find the corresponding partitions quickly.

And I think there are still unanswered questions about indexes. You
seem to be implying that users would be free to create any index they
want on any partition. It's probably going to be necessary to support
creating an index on the partitioned table which would create an index
on each of the partitions and, crucially, automatically create
corresponding indexes whenever new partitions are added.

That said, everything that's here sounds pretty spot-on to me.

-- 
greg


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-08-29 16:41  Pavel Stehule <[email protected]>
  parent: Tom Lane <[email protected]>
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Pavel Stehule @ 2014-08-29 16:41 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; +Cc: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

2014-08-29 18:35 GMT+02:00 Tom Lane <[email protected]>:

> Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]> writes:
> > [ partition sketch ]
>
> > In this design, partitions are first-class objects, not normal tables in
> > inheritance hierarchies.  There are no pg_inherits entries involved at
> all.
>
> Hm, actually I'd say they are *not* first class objects; the problem with
> the existing design is exactly that child tables *are* first class
> objects.  This is merely a terminology quibble though.
>

+1 .. only few partitions slowdown planning significantly from 1ms to 20ms,
what is a issue with very simple queries over PK


>
> > * relkind RELKIND_PARTITION 'p' indicates a partition within a
> partitioned
> >   relation (its parent).  These cannot be addressed directly in DML
> >   queries and only limited DDL support is provided.  They don't have
> >   their own pg_attribute entries either and therefore they are always
> >   identical in column definitions to the parent relation.
>
> Not sure that not storing the pg_attribute rows is a good thing; but
> that's something that won't be clear till you try to code it.
>
> > Each partition is assigned an Expression that receives a tuple and
> > returns boolean.  This expression returns true if a given tuple belongs
> > into it, false otherwise.
>
> -1, in fact minus a lot.  One of the core problems of the current approach
> is that the system, particularly the planner, hasn't got a lot of insight
> into exactly what the partitioning scheme is in a partitioned table built
> on inheritance.  If you allow the partitioning rule to be a black box then
> that doesn't get any better.  I want to see a design wherein the system
> understands *exactly* what the partitioning behavior is.  I'd start with
> supporting range-based partitioning explicitly, and maybe we could add
> other behaviors such as hashing later.
>
> In particular, there should never be any question at all that there is
> exactly one partition that a given row belongs to, not more, not less.
> You can't achieve that with a set of independent filter expressions;
> a meta-rule that says "exactly one of them should return true" is an
> untrustworthy band-aid.
>
> (This does not preclude us from mapping the tuple through the partitioning
> rule and finding that the corresponding partition doesn't currently exist.
> I think we could view the partitioning rule as a function from tuples to
> partition numbers, and then we look in pg_class to see if such a partition
> exists.)
>
> > Additionally, each partitioned relation may have a master expression.
> > This receives a tuple and returns an integer, which corresponds to the
> > number of the partition it belongs into.
>
> I guess this might be the same thing I'm arguing for, except that I say
> it is not optional but is *the* way you define the partitioning.  And
> I don't really want black-box expressions even in this formulation.
> If you're looking for arbitrary partitioning rules, you can keep on
> using inheritance.  The point of inventing partitioning, IMHO, is for
> the system to have a lot more understanding of the behavior than is
> possible now.
>
> As an example of the point I'm trying to make, the planner should be able
> to discard range-based partitions that are eliminated by a WHERE clause
> with something a great deal cheaper than the theorem prover it currently
> has to use for the purpose.  Black-box partitioning rules not only don't
> improve that situation, they actually make it worse.
>
> Other than that, this sketch seems reasonable ...
>
>                         regards, tom lane
>
>
> --
> Sent via pgsql-hackers mailing list ([email protected])
> To make changes to your subscription:
> http://www.postgresql.org/mailpref/pgsql-hackers
>


^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-08-29 16:52  Tom Lane <[email protected]>
  parent: Greg Stark <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 307+ messages in thread

From: Tom Lane @ 2014-08-29 16:52 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Greg Stark <[email protected]>; +Cc: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

Greg Stark <[email protected]> writes:
> And I think there are still unanswered questions about indexes.

One other interesting thought that occurs to me: are we going to support
UPDATEs that cause a row to belong to a different partition?  If so, how
are we going to handle the update chain links?

			regards, tom lane


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-08-29 17:12  Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  parent: Tom Lane <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 307+ messages in thread

From: Alvaro Herrera @ 2014-08-29 17:12 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; +Cc: Greg Stark <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

Tom Lane wrote:
> Greg Stark <[email protected]> writes:
> > And I think there are still unanswered questions about indexes.
> 
> One other interesting thought that occurs to me: are we going to support
> UPDATEs that cause a row to belong to a different partition?  If so, how
> are we going to handle the update chain links?

Bah, I didn't mention it?  My current thinking is that it would be
disallowed; if you have chosen your partitioning key well enough it
shouldn't be necessary.  As a workaround you can always DELETE/INSERT.
Maybe we can allow it later, but for a first cut this seems more than
good enough.

-- 
Álvaro Herrera                http://www.2ndQuadrant.com/
PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Training & Services


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-08-29 17:15  Tom Lane <[email protected]>
  parent: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 3 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Tom Lane @ 2014-08-29 17:15 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; +Cc: Greg Stark <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]> writes:
> Tom Lane wrote:
>> One other interesting thought that occurs to me: are we going to support
>> UPDATEs that cause a row to belong to a different partition?  If so, how
>> are we going to handle the update chain links?

> Bah, I didn't mention it?  My current thinking is that it would be
> disallowed; if you have chosen your partitioning key well enough it
> shouldn't be necessary.  As a workaround you can always DELETE/INSERT.
> Maybe we can allow it later, but for a first cut this seems more than
> good enough.

Hm.  I certainly agree that it's a case that could be disallowed for a
first cut, but it'd be nice to have some clue about how we might allow it
eventually.

			regards, tom lane


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-08-29 17:22  Andres Freund <[email protected]>
  parent: Tom Lane <[email protected]>
  2 siblings, 1 reply; 307+ messages in thread

From: Andres Freund @ 2014-08-29 17:22 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; +Cc: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; Greg Stark <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On 2014-08-29 13:15:16 -0400, Tom Lane wrote:
> Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]> writes:
> > Tom Lane wrote:
> >> One other interesting thought that occurs to me: are we going to support
> >> UPDATEs that cause a row to belong to a different partition?  If so, how
> >> are we going to handle the update chain links?
> 
> > Bah, I didn't mention it?  My current thinking is that it would be
> > disallowed; if you have chosen your partitioning key well enough it
> > shouldn't be necessary.  As a workaround you can always DELETE/INSERT.
> > Maybe we can allow it later, but for a first cut this seems more than
> > good enough.
> 
> Hm.  I certainly agree that it's a case that could be disallowed for a
> first cut, but it'd be nice to have some clue about how we might allow it
> eventually.

Not pretty, but we could set t_ctid to some 'magic' value when switching
partitions. Everything chasing ctid chains could then error out when
hitting a invisible row with such a t_ctid.  The usecases for doing such
updates really are more maintenance style commands, so it's possibly not
too bad from a usability POV :(

Greetings,

Andres Freund

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 PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Training & Services


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-08-29 17:29  Tom Lane <[email protected]>
  parent: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 307+ messages in thread

From: Tom Lane @ 2014-08-29 17:29 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andres Freund <[email protected]>; +Cc: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; Greg Stark <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

Andres Freund <[email protected]> writes:
> On 2014-08-29 13:15:16 -0400, Tom Lane wrote:
>> Hm.  I certainly agree that it's a case that could be disallowed for a
>> first cut, but it'd be nice to have some clue about how we might allow it
>> eventually.

> Not pretty, but we could set t_ctid to some 'magic' value when switching
> partitions. Everything chasing ctid chains could then error out when
> hitting a invisible row with such a t_ctid.

An actual fix would presumably involve adding a partition number to the
ctid chain field in tuples in partitioned tables.  The reason I bring it
up now is that we'd have to commit to doing that (or at least leaving room
for it) in the first implementation, if we don't want to have an on-disk
compatibility break.

There is certainly room to argue that the value of this capability isn't
worth the disk space this solution would eat.  But we should have that
argument while the option is still feasible ...

> The usecases for doing such
> updates really are more maintenance style commands, so it's possibly not
> too bad from a usability POV :(

I'm afraid that might just be wishful thinking.

			regards, tom lane


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-08-29 17:47  Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  parent: Tom Lane <[email protected]>
  2 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Alvaro Herrera @ 2014-08-29 17:47 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; +Cc: Greg Stark <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

Tom Lane wrote:
> Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]> writes:
> > Tom Lane wrote:
> >> One other interesting thought that occurs to me: are we going to support
> >> UPDATEs that cause a row to belong to a different partition?  If so, how
> >> are we going to handle the update chain links?
> 
> > Bah, I didn't mention it?  My current thinking is that it would be
> > disallowed; if you have chosen your partitioning key well enough it
> > shouldn't be necessary.  As a workaround you can always DELETE/INSERT.
> > Maybe we can allow it later, but for a first cut this seems more than
> > good enough.
> 
> Hm.  I certainly agree that it's a case that could be disallowed for a
> first cut, but it'd be nice to have some clue about how we might allow it
> eventually.

I hesitate to suggest this, but we have free flag bits in
MultiXactStatus.  We could use a specially marked multixact member to
indicate the OID of the target relation; perhaps set an infomask bit to
indicate that this has happened.  Of course, no HOT updates are possible
so I think it's okay from a heap_prune_chain perspective.  This abuses
the knowledge that OIDs and XIDs are both 32 bits long.  

Since nowhere else we have the space necessary to store the longer data
that a cross-partition update would require, I don't see anything else
ATM.  (For a moment I thought about abusing combo CIDs, but that doesn't
work because this requires to be persistent and visible from other
backends, neither of which is a quality of combocids.)

-- 
Álvaro Herrera                http://www.2ndQuadrant.com/
PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Training & Services


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-08-29 17:47  Andres Freund <[email protected]>
  parent: Tom Lane <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 307+ messages in thread

From: Andres Freund @ 2014-08-29 17:47 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; +Cc: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; Greg Stark <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On 2014-08-29 13:29:19 -0400, Tom Lane wrote:
> Andres Freund <[email protected]> writes:
> > On 2014-08-29 13:15:16 -0400, Tom Lane wrote:
> >> Hm.  I certainly agree that it's a case that could be disallowed for a
> >> first cut, but it'd be nice to have some clue about how we might allow it
> >> eventually.
> 
> > Not pretty, but we could set t_ctid to some 'magic' value when switching
> > partitions. Everything chasing ctid chains could then error out when
> > hitting a invisible row with such a t_ctid.
> 
> An actual fix would presumably involve adding a partition number to the
> ctid chain field in tuples in partitioned tables.  The reason I bring it
> up now is that we'd have to commit to doing that (or at least leaving room
> for it) in the first implementation, if we don't want to have an on-disk
> compatibility break.

Right. Just adding it unconditionally doesn't sound feasible to me. Our
per-row overhead is already too large. And it doesn't sound fun to have
the first-class partitions use a different heap tuple format than plain
relations.

What we could do is to add some sort of 'jump' tuple when moving a tuple
from one relation to another. So, when updating a tuple between
partitions we add another in the old partition with xmin_jump =
xmax_jump = xmax_old and have the jump tuple's content point to the new
relation.
Far from pretty, but it'd only matter overhead wise when used.

> > The usecases for doing such
> > updates really are more maintenance style commands, so it's possibly not
> > too bad from a usability POV :(
> 
> I'm afraid that might just be wishful thinking.

I admit that you might very well be right there :(

Greetings,

Andres Freund

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 PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Training & Services


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-08-29 17:56  Tom Lane <[email protected]>
  parent: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Tom Lane @ 2014-08-29 17:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andres Freund <[email protected]>; +Cc: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; Greg Stark <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

Andres Freund <[email protected]> writes:
> On 2014-08-29 13:29:19 -0400, Tom Lane wrote:
>> An actual fix would presumably involve adding a partition number to the
>> ctid chain field in tuples in partitioned tables.  The reason I bring it
>> up now is that we'd have to commit to doing that (or at least leaving room
>> for it) in the first implementation, if we don't want to have an on-disk
>> compatibility break.

> What we could do is to add some sort of 'jump' tuple when moving a tuple
> from one relation to another. So, when updating a tuple between
> partitions we add another in the old partition with xmin_jump =
> xmax_jump = xmax_old and have the jump tuple's content point to the new
> relation.

Hm, that might work.  It sounds more feasible than Alvaro's suggestion
of abusing cmax --- I don't think that field is free for use in this
context.

			regards, tom lane


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-08-29 18:12  Hannu Krosing <[email protected]>
  parent: Tom Lane <[email protected]>
  2 siblings, 2 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Hannu Krosing @ 2014-08-29 18:12 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; +Cc: Greg Stark <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On 08/29/2014 07:15 PM, Tom Lane wrote:
> Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]> writes:
>> Tom Lane wrote:
>>> One other interesting thought that occurs to me: are we going to support
>>> UPDATEs that cause a row to belong to a different partition?  If so, how
>>> are we going to handle the update chain links?
>> Bah, I didn't mention it?  My current thinking is that it would be
>> disallowed; if you have chosen your partitioning key well enough it
>> shouldn't be necessary.  As a workaround you can always DELETE/INSERT.
>> Maybe we can allow it later, but for a first cut this seems more than
>> good enough.
> Hm.  I certainly agree that it's a case that could be disallowed for a
> first cut, but it'd be nice to have some clue about how we might allow it
> eventually.
There needs to be some structure that is specific to partitions and not
multiple plain tables which would then be used for both update chains and
cross-partition indexes (as you seem to imply by jumping from indexes
to update chains a few posts back).

It would need to replace plain tid (pagenr, tupnr) with triple of (partid,
pagenr, tupnr).

Cross-partition indexes are especially needed if we want to allow putting
UNIQUE constraints on non-partition-key columns.

Cheers

-- 
Hannu Krosing
PostgreSQL Consultant
Performance, Scalability and High Availability
2ndQuadrant Nordic OÜ



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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-08-29 18:32  Hannu Krosing <[email protected]>
  parent: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  6 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Hannu Krosing @ 2014-08-29 18:32 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On 08/29/2014 05:56 PM, Alvaro Herrera wrote:
> Prompted by a comment in the UPDATE/LIMIT thread, I saw Marko Tiikkaja
> reference Tom's post
> http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/[email protected]
> which mentions the possibility of a different partitioning
> implementation than what we have so far.  As it turns out, I've been
> thinking about partitioning recently, so I thought I would share what
> I'm thinking so that others can poke holes.  My intention is to try to
> implement this as soon as possible.
>
>
> Declarative partitioning
> ========================
> ...
> Still To Be Designed
> --------------------
> * Dependency issues
> * Are indexes/constraints inherited from the parent rel?
I'd say mostly yes.

There could some extra "constraint exclusion type" magic for
conditional indexes, but the rest probably should come from "main table"

And there should be some kind of cross-partition indexes. At
 "partitioning" capability, this can probably wait for version 2.

> * Multiple keys?  
Why not. But probably just for hash partitioning.
> Subpartitioning? 
Probably not. If you need speed for huge numbers of partitions, use
Gregs idea of keeping the partitions in a tree (or just having a
partition index).
>  Hash partitioning?
At some point definitely.


Also one thing you left unmentioned is dropping (and perhaps also
truncating)
a partition. We still may want to do historic data management the same way
we do it now, by just getting rid of the whole partition or its data.

At some point we may also want to do redistributing data between
partitions,
maybe for case where we end up with 90% of the data in on partition due to
bad partitioning key or partitioning function choice. This is again
something
that is hard now and can therefore be left to a later version.

> Open Questions
> --------------
>
> *  What's the syntax to refer to specific partitions within a partitioned
>    table?
>    We could do "TABLE <xyz> PARTITION <n>", but for example if in
>    the future we add hash partitioning, we might need some non-integer
>    addressing (OTOH assigning sequential numbers to hash partitions doesn't
>    seem so bad).  Discussing with users of other DBMSs partitioning feature,
>    one useful phrase is "TABLE <xyz> PARTITION FOR <value>".
Or more generally

TABLE <xyz> PARTITION FOR/WHERE col1=val1, col2=val2, ...;



Cheers

-- 
Hannu Krosing
PostgreSQL Consultant
Performance, Scalability and High Availability
2ndQuadrant Nordic OÜ



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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-08-29 19:19  Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  parent: Hannu Krosing <[email protected]>
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Alvaro Herrera @ 2014-08-29 19:19 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Hannu Krosing <[email protected]>; +Cc: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; Greg Stark <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

Hannu Krosing wrote:

> Cross-partition indexes are especially needed if we want to allow putting
> UNIQUE constraints on non-partition-key columns.

I'm not going to implement cross-partition indexes in the first patch.
They are a huge can of worms.

-- 
Álvaro Herrera                http://www.2ndQuadrant.com/
PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Training & Services


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-08-29 19:20  Robert Haas <[email protected]>
  parent: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  6 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Robert Haas @ 2014-08-29 19:20 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers

On Fri, Aug 29, 2014 at 11:56 AM, Alvaro Herrera
<[email protected]> wrote:
> In this design, partitions are first-class objects, not normal tables in
> inheritance hierarchies.  There are no pg_inherits entries involved at all.

Whoa.  I always assumed that table inheritance was a stepping-stone to
real partitioning, and that real partitioning would be built on top of
table inheritance.  In particular, I assume that (as Itagaki
Takahiro's patch did those many years ago) we'd add some metadata
somewhere to allow fast tuple routing (for both pruning and
inserts/updates).  What's the benefit of inventing something new
instead?

I'm skeptical about your claim that there will be no pg_inherits
entries involved at all.  You need some way to know which partitions
go with which parent table.  You can store that many-to-one mapping
someplace other than pg_inherits, but it seems to me that that doesn't
buy you anything; they're just pg_inherits entries under some other
name.  Why reinvent that?

> Each partition is assigned an Expression that receives a tuple and
> returns boolean.  This expression returns true if a given tuple belongs
> into it, false otherwise.  If a tuple for a partitioned relation is run
> through expressions of all partitions, exactly one should return true.
> If none returns true, it might be because the partition has not been
> created yet.  A user-facing error is raised in this case (Rationale: if
> user creates a partitioned rel and there is no partition that accepts
> some given tuple, it's the user's fault.)
>
> Additionally, each partitioned relation may have a master expression.
> This receives a tuple and returns an integer, which corresponds to the
> number of the partition it belongs into.

I agree with Tom: this is a bad design.  In particular, if we want to
scale to large numbers of partitions (a principal weakness of the
present system) we need the operation of routing a tuple to a
partition to be as efficient as possible.  Range partitioning can be
O(lg n) where n is the number of partitions: store a list of the
boundaries and binary-search it.  List partitioning can be O(lg k)
where k is the number of values (which may be more than the number of
partitions) via a similar technique.  Hash partitioning can be O(1).
I'm not sure what other kind of partitioning anybody would want to do,
but it's likely that they *won't* want it to be O(1) in the number of
partitions.  So I'd say have *only* the master expression.

But, really, I don't think an expression is the right way to store
this; evaluating that repeatedly will, I think, still be too slow.
Think about what happens in PL/pgsql: minimizing the number of times
that you enter and exit the executor helps performance enormously,
even if the expressions are simple enough not to need planning.  I
think the representation should be more like an array of partition
boundaries and the pg_proc OID of a comparator.

> Per-partition expressions are formed as each partition is created, and
> are based on the user-supplied partitioning criterion.  Master
> expressions are formed at relation creation time.  (XXX Can we change
> the master expression later, as a result of some ALTER command?
> Presumably this would mean that all partitions might need to be
> rewritten.)

This is another really important point.  If you store an opaque
expression mapping partitioning keys to partition numbers, you can't
do things like this efficiently.  With a more transparent
representation, like a sorted array of partition boundaries for range
partitioning, or a sorted array of hash values for consistent hashing,
you can do things like split and merge partitions efficiently,
minimizing rewriting.

> Planner -------
>
> A partitioned relation behaves just like a regular relation for purposes
> of planner.  XXX do we need special considerations regarding relation
> size estimation?
>
> For scan plans, we need to prepare Append lists which are used to scan
> for tuples in a partitioned relation.  We can setup fake constraint
> expressions based on the partitioning expressions, which let the planner
> discard unnecessary partitions by way of constraint exclusion.

So if we're going to do all this, why bother making the partitions
anything other than inheritance children?  There might be some benefit
in having the partitions be some kind of stripped-down object if we
could avoid some of these planner gymnastics and get, e.g. efficient
run-time partition pruning.  But if you're going to generate Append
plans and switch ResultRelInfos and stuff just as you would for an
inheritance hierarchy, why not just make it an inheritance hierarchy?

It seems pretty clear to me that we need partitioned tables to have
the same tuple descriptor throughout the relation, for efficient tuple
routing and so on.  But the other restrictions you're proposing to
impose on partitions have no obvious value that I can see.  We could
have a rule that when you inherit from a partition root, you can only
inherit from that one table (no multiple inheritance) and your tuple
descriptor must match precisely (down to dropped columns and column
ordering) and that would give you everything I think you really need
here.  There's no gain to be had in forbidding partitions from having
different owners, or being selected from directly, or having
user-visible names.  The first of those is arguably useless, but it's
not really causing us any problems, and the latter two are extremely
useful features.  Unless you are going to implement partition pruning
is so good that it will never fail to realize a situation where only
one partition needs to be scanned, letting users target the partition
directly is a very important escape hatch.

> (In the future we might be interested in creating specialized plan and
> execution nodes that know more about partitioned relations, to avoid
> creating useless Append trees only to prune them later.)

Good idea.

> pg_dump is able to dump a partitioned relation as a CREATE
> TABLE/PARTITION command and a series of ALTER TABLE/CREATE PARTITION
> commands.  The data of all partitions is considered a single COPY
> operation.
>
> XXX this limits the ability to restore in parallel.  To fix we might consider
> using one COPY for each partition.  It's not clear what relation should be
> mentioned in such a COPY command, though -- my instinct is that it
> should reference the parent table only, not the individual partition.

Targeting the individual partitions seems considerably better.

-- 
Robert Haas
EnterpriseDB: http://www.enterprisedb.com
The Enterprise PostgreSQL Company


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-08-30 02:39  Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  parent: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  6 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Amit Langote @ 2014-08-30 02:39 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers

On Sat, Aug 30, 2014 at 12:56 AM, Alvaro Herrera
<[email protected]> wrote:
> Prompted by a comment in the UPDATE/LIMIT thread, I saw Marko Tiikkaja
> reference Tom's post
> http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/[email protected]
> which mentions the possibility of a different partitioning
> implementation than what we have so far.  As it turns out, I've been
> thinking about partitioning recently, so I thought I would share what
> I'm thinking so that others can poke holes.  My intention is to try to
> implement this as soon as possible.
>

+1.


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-08-31 20:03  Tom Lane <[email protected]>
  parent: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  6 siblings, 4 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Tom Lane @ 2014-08-31 20:03 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers

Another thought about this general topic:

Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]> writes:
> ...
> Allowed actions on a RELKIND_PARTITION:
> * CREATE INDEX .. ON PARTITION <n> ON TABLE <xyz>
> ...
> Still To Be Designed
> --------------------
> * Are indexes/constraints inherited from the parent rel?

I think one of the key design decisions we have to make is whether
partitions are all constrained to have exactly the same set of indexes.
If we don't insist on that it will greatly complicate planning compared
to what we'll get if we do insist on it, because then the planner will
need to generate a separate customized plan subtree for each partition.
Aside from costing planning time, most likely that would forever prevent
us from pushing some types of intelligence about partitioning into the
executor.

Now, in the current model, it's up to the user what indexes to create
on each partition, and sometimes one might feel that maintaining a
particular index is unnecessary in some partitions.  But the flip side
of that is it's awfully easy to screw yourself by forgetting to add
some index when you add a new partition.  So I'm not real sure which
approach is superior from a purely user-oriented perspective.

I'm not trying to push one or the other answer right now, just noting
that this is a critical decision.

			regards, tom lane


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-08-31 20:38  Hannu Krosing <[email protected]>
  parent: Tom Lane <[email protected]>
  3 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Hannu Krosing @ 2014-08-31 20:38 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers

On 08/31/2014 10:03 PM, Tom Lane wrote:
> Another thought about this general topic:
>
> Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]> writes:
>> ...
>> Allowed actions on a RELKIND_PARTITION:
>> * CREATE INDEX .. ON PARTITION <n> ON TABLE <xyz>
>> ...
>> Still To Be Designed
>> --------------------
>> * Are indexes/constraints inherited from the parent rel?
> I think one of the key design decisions we have to make is whether
> partitions are all constrained to have exactly the same set of indexes.
> If we don't insist on that it will greatly complicate planning compared
> to what we'll get if we do insist on it, because then the planner will
> need to generate a separate customized plan subtree for each partition.
> Aside from costing planning time, most likely that would forever prevent
> us from pushing some types of intelligence about partitioning into the
> executor.
>
> Now, in the current model, it's up to the user what indexes to create
> on each partition, and sometimes one might feel that maintaining a
> particular index is unnecessary in some partitions.  But the flip side
> of that is it's awfully easy to screw yourself by forgetting to add
> some index when you add a new partition.  
The "forgetting" part is easy to solve by inheriting all indexes from
parent (or template) partition unless explicitly told not to.

One other thing that has been bothering me about this proposal
is the ability to take partitions offline for maintenance or to load
them offline ant then switch in.

In current scheme we do this using ALTER TABLE ... [NO] INHERIT ...

If we also want to have this with the not-directly-accessible partitions
then perhaps it could be done by having a possibility to move
a partition between two tables with exactly the same structure ?

> So I'm not real sure which
> approach is superior from a purely user-oriented perspective.
What we currently have is a very flexible scheme which has a few
drawbacks

1) unnecessarily complex for simple case
2) easy to shoot yourself in the foot by forgetting something
3) can be hard on planner, especially with huge number of partitions

An alternative way of solving these problems is adding some
(meta-)constraints to current way of doing things and some more
automation

CREATE TABLE FOR PARTITIONMASTER
    WITH (ALL_INDEXES_SAME=ON,
              SAME_STRUCTURE_ALWAYS=ON,
              SINGLE_INHERITANCE_ONLY=ON,
              NESTED_INHERITS=OFF,
              PARTITION_FUNCTION=default_range_partitioning(int)
);

and then force these when adding inherited tables (in this case
partition tables)
either via CREATE TABLE or ALTER TABLE

Best Regards

-- 
Hannu Krosing
PostgreSQL Consultant
Performance, Scalability and High Availability
2ndQuadrant Nordic OÜ



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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-08-31 20:45  Martijn van Oosterhout <[email protected]>
  parent: Tom Lane <[email protected]>
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 307+ messages in thread

From: Martijn van Oosterhout @ 2014-08-31 20:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; +Cc: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On Fri, Aug 29, 2014 at 12:35:50PM -0400, Tom Lane wrote:
> > Each partition is assigned an Expression that receives a tuple and
> > returns boolean.  This expression returns true if a given tuple belongs
> > into it, false otherwise.
> 
> -1, in fact minus a lot.  One of the core problems of the current approach
> is that the system, particularly the planner, hasn't got a lot of insight
> into exactly what the partitioning scheme is in a partitioned table built
> on inheritance.  If you allow the partitioning rule to be a black box then
> that doesn't get any better.  I want to see a design wherein the system
> understands *exactly* what the partitioning behavior is.  I'd start with
> supporting range-based partitioning explicitly, and maybe we could add
> other behaviors such as hashing later.
> 
> In particular, there should never be any question at all that there is
> exactly one partition that a given row belongs to, not more, not less.
> You can't achieve that with a set of independent filter expressions;
> a meta-rule that says "exactly one of them should return true" is an
> untrustworthy band-aid.
> 
> (This does not preclude us from mapping the tuple through the partitioning
> rule and finding that the corresponding partition doesn't currently exist.
> I think we could view the partitioning rule as a function from tuples to
> partition numbers, and then we look in pg_class to see if such a partition
> exists.)

There is one situation where you need to be more flexible, and that is
if you ever want to support online repartitioning. To do that you have
to distinguish between "I want to insert tuple X, which partition
should it go into" and "I want to know which partitions I need to look
for partition_key=Y".

For the latter you really have need an expression per partition, or
something equivalent.  If performance is an issue I suppose you could
live with having an "old" and an "new" partition scheme, so you
couldn't have two "live repartitionings" happening simultaneously.

Now, if you want to close the door on online repartitioning forever
then that fine. But being in the position of having to say "yes our
partitioning scheme sucks, but we would have to take the database down
for a week to fix it" is no fun.

Unless logical replication provides a way out maybe??

Have a nice day,
-- 
Martijn van Oosterhout   <[email protected]>   http://svana.org/kleptog/
> He who writes carelessly confesses thereby at the very outset that he does
> not attach much importance to his own thoughts.
   -- Arthur Schopenhauer


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-09-01 15:44  Greg Stark <[email protected]>
  parent: Tom Lane <[email protected]>
  3 siblings, 1 reply; 307+ messages in thread

From: Greg Stark @ 2014-09-01 15:44 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; +Cc: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On Sun, Aug 31, 2014 at 9:03 PM, Tom Lane <[email protected]> wrote:
> Aside from costing planning time, most likely that would forever prevent
> us from pushing some types of intelligence about partitioning into the
> executor.

How would it affect this calculus if there were partitioned indexes
which were created on the overall table and guaranteed to exist on
each partition that the planner could use -- and then possibly also
per-partition indexes that might exist in addition to those? So the
planner could make deductions and leave some intelligence about
partitions to the executor as long as they only depend on partitioned
indexes but might be able to take advantage of a per-partition index
if it's an unusual situation. I'm imagining for example a partitioned
table where only the current partition is read-write and OLTP queries
restrict themselves to working only with the current partition. Having
excluded the other partitions the planner is free to use any of the
indexes liberally.

That said, I think the typical approach to this is to only allow
indexes that are defined for the whole table. If the user wants to
have different indexes for the current time period they would have a
separate table with all the indexes on it that is only moved into the
partitioned table once it's finished being used for for the atypical
queries. Oracle supports "local partitioned indexes" (which are
partitioned like the table) and "global indexes" (which span
partitions) but afaik it doesn't support indexes on only some
partitions.

Furthermore, we have partial indexes. Partial indexes mean you can
always create a partial index on just one partition's range of keys.
The index will exist for all partitions but just be empty for all but
the partitions that matter. The planner can plan based on the partial
index's where clause which would accomplish the same thing, I think.


-- 
greg


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* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-09-01 15:52  Andres Freund <[email protected]>
  parent: Hannu Krosing <[email protected]>
  1 sibling, 2 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Andres Freund @ 2014-09-01 15:52 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Hannu Krosing <[email protected]>; +Cc: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; Greg Stark <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On 2014-08-29 20:12:16 +0200, Hannu Krosing wrote:
> It would need to replace plain tid (pagenr, tupnr) with triple of (partid,
> pagenr, tupnr).
> 
> Cross-partition indexes are especially needed if we want to allow putting
> UNIQUE constraints on non-partition-key columns.

I actually don't think this is necessary. I'm pretty sure that you can
build an efficient and correct version of unique constraints with
several underlying indexes in different partitions each. The way
exclusion constraints are implemented imo is a good guide.

I personally think that implementing cross partition indexes has a low
enough cost/benefit ratio that I doubt it's wise to tackle it anytime
soon.

Greetings,

Andres Freund

-- 
 Andres Freund	                   http://www.2ndQuadrant.com/
 PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Training & Services


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* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-09-01 15:59  Tom Lane <[email protected]>
  parent: Greg Stark <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 3 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Tom Lane @ 2014-09-01 15:59 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Greg Stark <[email protected]>; +Cc: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

Greg Stark <[email protected]> writes:
> On Sun, Aug 31, 2014 at 9:03 PM, Tom Lane <[email protected]> wrote:
>> Aside from costing planning time, most likely that would forever prevent
>> us from pushing some types of intelligence about partitioning into the
>> executor.

> How would it affect this calculus if there were partitioned indexes
> which were created on the overall table and guaranteed to exist on
> each partition that the planner could use -- and then possibly also
> per-partition indexes that might exist in addition to those?

That doesn't actually fix the planning-time issue at all.  Either the
planner considers each partition individually to create a custom plan
for it, or it doesn't.

The "push into executor" idea I was alluding to is that we might invent
plan constructs like a ModifyTable node that applies to a whole
inheritance^H^H^Hpartitioning tree and leaves the tuple routing to be
done at runtime.  You're not going to get a plan structure like that
if the planner is building a separate plan subtree for each partition.

			regards, tom lane


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* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-09-01 16:02  Andres Freund <[email protected]>
  parent: Tom Lane <[email protected]>
  3 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Andres Freund @ 2014-09-01 16:02 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; +Cc: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On 2014-08-31 16:03:30 -0400, Tom Lane wrote:
> Another thought about this general topic:
> 
> Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]> writes:
> > ...
> > Allowed actions on a RELKIND_PARTITION:
> > * CREATE INDEX .. ON PARTITION <n> ON TABLE <xyz>
> > ...
> > Still To Be Designed
> > --------------------
> > * Are indexes/constraints inherited from the parent rel?
> 
> I think one of the key design decisions we have to make is whether
> partitions are all constrained to have exactly the same set of indexes.
> If we don't insist on that it will greatly complicate planning compared
> to what we'll get if we do insist on it, because then the planner will
> need to generate a separate customized plan subtree for each partition.
> Aside from costing planning time, most likely that would forever prevent
> us from pushing some types of intelligence about partitioning into the
> executor.

> Now, in the current model, it's up to the user what indexes to create
> on each partition, and sometimes one might feel that maintaining a
> particular index is unnecessary in some partitions.  But the flip side
> of that is it's awfully easy to screw yourself by forgetting to add
> some index when you add a new partition.  So I'm not real sure which
> approach is superior from a purely user-oriented perspective.

I think we're likely to end up with both. In many cases it'll be far
superior from a usability and planning perspective to have indices on
the 'toplevel table' (do we have a good name for that?).

But on the flip side, one of the significant use cases for partitioning
is dealing with historical data. In many cases old data has to be saved
for years but is barely ever queried. It'd be a shame to inflict all
indexes on all partitions for that kind of data. It'd surely be a useful
step to add sane partitioning without that capability, but we shouldn't
base the design on that decision.

Greetings,

Andres Freund

-- 
 Andres Freund	                   http://www.2ndQuadrant.com/
 PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Training & Services


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* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-09-01 16:07  Greg Stark <[email protected]>
  parent: Tom Lane <[email protected]>
  2 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Greg Stark @ 2014-09-01 16:07 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; +Cc: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On Mon, Sep 1, 2014 at 4:59 PM, Tom Lane <[email protected]> wrote:
> The "push into executor" idea I was alluding to is that we might invent
> plan constructs like a ModifyTable node that applies to a whole
> inheritance^H^H^Hpartitioning tree and leaves the tuple routing to be
> done at runtime.  You're not going to get a plan structure like that
> if the planner is building a separate plan subtree for each partition.

Well my message was assuming that in that case it would only consider
the partitioned indexes. It would only consider the isolated indexes
if the planner was able to identify a specific partition. That's
probably the only type of query where such indexes are likely to be
useful.


-- 
greg


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* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-09-01 16:09  Andres Freund <[email protected]>
  parent: Tom Lane <[email protected]>
  2 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Andres Freund @ 2014-09-01 16:09 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; +Cc: Greg Stark <[email protected]>; Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On 2014-09-01 11:59:37 -0400, Tom Lane wrote:
> Greg Stark <[email protected]> writes:
> > On Sun, Aug 31, 2014 at 9:03 PM, Tom Lane <[email protected]> wrote:
> >> Aside from costing planning time, most likely that would forever prevent
> >> us from pushing some types of intelligence about partitioning into the
> >> executor.
> 
> > How would it affect this calculus if there were partitioned indexes
> > which were created on the overall table and guaranteed to exist on
> > each partition that the planner could use -- and then possibly also
> > per-partition indexes that might exist in addition to those?
> 
> That doesn't actually fix the planning-time issue at all.  Either the
> planner considers each partition individually to create a custom plan
> for it, or it doesn't.

We could have a information about the indexing situation in child
partitions on the toplevel table. I.e. note whether child partitions
have individual indexes. And possibly constraints.

> The "push into executor" idea I was alluding to is that we might invent
> plan constructs like a ModifyTable node that applies to a whole
> inheritance^H^H^Hpartitioning tree and leaves the tuple routing to be
> done at runtime.  You're not going to get a plan structure like that
> if the planner is building a separate plan subtree for each partition.

It doesn't sound impossible to evaluate at plan time whether to use
nodes covering several partitions or use a separate subplan for
individual partitions. We're going to need information which partitions
to scan in those nodes anyway.

Greetings,

Andres Freund

-- 
 Andres Freund	                   http://www.2ndQuadrant.com/
 PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Training & Services


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* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-09-01 16:12  Heikki Linnakangas <[email protected]>
  parent: Tom Lane <[email protected]>
  2 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Heikki Linnakangas @ 2014-09-01 16:12 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; Greg Stark <[email protected]>; +Cc: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On 09/01/2014 06:59 PM, Tom Lane wrote:
> Greg Stark <[email protected]> writes:
>> On Sun, Aug 31, 2014 at 9:03 PM, Tom Lane <[email protected]> wrote:
>>> Aside from costing planning time, most likely that would forever prevent
>>> us from pushing some types of intelligence about partitioning into the
>>> executor.
>
>> How would it affect this calculus if there were partitioned indexes
>> which were created on the overall table and guaranteed to exist on
>> each partition that the planner could use -- and then possibly also
>> per-partition indexes that might exist in addition to those?
>
> That doesn't actually fix the planning-time issue at all.  Either the
> planner considers each partition individually to create a custom plan
> for it, or it doesn't.

Hmm. Couldn't you plan together all partitions that do have the same 
indexes? In other words, create a custom plan for each group of 
partitions, rather than each partition?

- Heikki



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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-09-01 17:09  Hannu Krosing <[email protected]>
  parent: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Hannu Krosing @ 2014-09-01 17:09 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andres Freund <[email protected]>; Hannu Krosing <[email protected]>; +Cc: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; Greg Stark <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On 09/01/2014 05:52 PM, Andres Freund wrote:
> On 2014-08-29 20:12:16 +0200, Hannu Krosing wrote:
>> It would need to replace plain tid (pagenr, tupnr) with triple of (partid,
>> pagenr, tupnr).
>>
>> Cross-partition indexes are especially needed if we want to allow putting
>> UNIQUE constraints on non-partition-key columns.
> I actually don't think this is necessary. I'm pretty sure that you can
> build an efficient and correct version of unique constraints with
> several underlying indexes in different partitions each. The way
> exclusion constraints are implemented imo is a good guide.
>
> I personally think that implementing cross partition indexes has a low
> enough cost/benefit ratio that I doubt it's wise to tackle it anytime
> soon.
Also it has the downside of (possibly) making DROP PARTITION either
slow or wasting space until next VACUUM.

So if building composite unique indexes over multiple per-partition
indexes is doable, I would much prefer this.

Cheers

-- 
Hannu Krosing
PostgreSQL Consultant
Performance, Scalability and High Availability
2ndQuadrant Nordic OÜ



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* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-09-02 04:52  Craig Ringer <[email protected]>
  parent: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Craig Ringer @ 2014-09-02 04:52 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andres Freund <[email protected]>; Hannu Krosing <[email protected]>; +Cc: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; Greg Stark <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On 09/01/2014 11:52 PM, Andres Freund wrote:
> I personally think that implementing cross partition indexes has a low
> enough cost/benefit ratio that I doubt it's wise to tackle it anytime
> soon.

UNIQUE constraints on partitioned tables (and thus foreign key
constraints pointing to partitioned tables) are a pretty big limitation
at the moment.

That said, the planner may well be able to use the greater knowledge of
the partitioned table structure to do this implictly, as it knows that a
unique index on the partition is also implicitly unique across
partitions on the partitioning key.

-- 
 Craig Ringer                   http://www.2ndQuadrant.com/
 PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Training & Services


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* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-09-02 04:58  Craig Ringer <[email protected]>
  parent: Tom Lane <[email protected]>
  3 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Craig Ringer @ 2014-09-02 04:58 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers

On 09/01/2014 04:03 AM, Tom Lane wrote:

> I think one of the key design decisions we have to make is whether
> partitions are all constrained to have exactly the same set of indexes.

... and a lot of that comes down to what use cases the partitioning is
meant to handle, and what people are expected to continue to DIY with
inheritance.

Simple range and hash partitioning are the main things being discussed.

Other moderately common partitioning uses seem to be hot/cold
partitioning, usually on unequal ranges, and closely related live/dead
partitioning for apps that soft-delete data.

In both those you may well want to suppress indexes on the cold/dead
portion, much like we currently have partial indexes.

In fact, how different is an index that's present on only a subset of
partitions to a partial index, in planning terms? We know the partitions
it is/isn't on, after all, and can form an expression that finds just
those partitions.

(I guess the answer there is that partial index planning is probably not
smart enough to be useful for this).

> If we don't insist on that it will greatly complicate planning compared
> to what we'll get if we do insist on it, because then the planner will
> need to generate a separate customized plan subtree for each partition.

Seems to be like a "make room to support it in future, but don't do it
now" thing.

Partitioning schemes like:

[prior years]
[last year]
[this year]
[this month]
[this week]

could benefit from it, but they also need things like online
repartitioning, updates to move tuples across partitions, etc.

So it's all in the "let's not lock it out for the future, but lets not
tackle it now either" box.

-- 
 Craig Ringer                   http://www.2ndQuadrant.com/
 PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Training & Services


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* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-09-02 13:44  Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>
  parent: Martijn van Oosterhout <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 307+ messages in thread

From: Bruce Momjian @ 2014-09-02 13:44 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Martijn van Oosterhout <[email protected]>; +Cc: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On Sun, Aug 31, 2014 at 10:45:29PM +0200, Martijn van Oosterhout wrote:
> There is one situation where you need to be more flexible, and that is
> if you ever want to support online repartitioning. To do that you have
> to distinguish between "I want to insert tuple X, which partition
> should it go into" and "I want to know which partitions I need to look
> for partition_key=Y".
> 
> For the latter you really have need an expression per partition, or
> something equivalent.  If performance is an issue I suppose you could
> live with having an "old" and an "new" partition scheme, so you
> couldn't have two "live repartitionings" happening simultaneously.
> 
> Now, if you want to close the door on online repartitioning forever
> then that fine. But being in the position of having to say "yes our
> partitioning scheme sucks, but we would have to take the database down
> for a week to fix it" is no fun.
> 
> Unless logical replication provides a way out maybe??

I am unclear why having information per-partition rather than on the
parent table helps with online reparitioning.

Robert's idea of using normal table inheritance means we can access/move
the data independently of the partitioning system.  My guess is that we
will need to do repartitioning with some tool, rather than as part of
normal database operation.

-- 
  Bruce Momjian  <[email protected]>        http://momjian.us
  EnterpriseDB                             http://enterprisedb.com

  + Everyone has their own god. +


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* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-09-02 20:18  Martijn van Oosterhout <[email protected]>
  parent: Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 307+ messages in thread

From: Martijn van Oosterhout @ 2014-09-02 20:18 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>; +Cc: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On Tue, Sep 02, 2014 at 09:44:17AM -0400, Bruce Momjian wrote:
> On Sun, Aug 31, 2014 at 10:45:29PM +0200, Martijn van Oosterhout wrote:
> > There is one situation where you need to be more flexible, and that is
> > if you ever want to support online repartitioning. To do that you have
> > to distinguish between "I want to insert tuple X, which partition
> > should it go into" and "I want to know which partitions I need to look
> > for partition_key=Y".
> 
> I am unclear why having information per-partition rather than on the
> parent table helps with online reparitioning.

An example:

We have three partitions, one for X<0 (A), one for 0<=X<5 (B) and one
for X>=5 (C).  These are in three different tables.

Now we give the command to merge the last two partitions B&C. You now
have the choice to lock the table while you move all the tuples from C
to B.

Or you can make some adjustments such that new tuples that would have gone
to C now go to B. And if there is a query for X=10 that you look in
*both* B & C. Then the existing tuples can be moved from C to B at any
time without blocking any other operations.

Is this clearer? If you up front decide that which partition to query
will be determined by a function that can only return one table, then
the above becomes impossible.

> Robert's idea of using normal table inheritance means we can access/move
> the data independently of the partitioning system.  My guess is that we
> will need to do repartitioning with some tool, rather than as part of
> normal database operation.

Doing it as some tool seems like a hack to me. And since the idea was (I
thought) that partitions would not be directly accessable from SQL, it
has to be in the database itself.

Have a nice day,
-- 
Martijn van Oosterhout   <[email protected]>   http://svana.org/kleptog/
> He who writes carelessly confesses thereby at the very outset that he does
> not attach much importance to his own thoughts.
   -- Arthur Schopenhauer


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-09-03 19:46  Robert Haas <[email protected]>
  parent: Martijn van Oosterhout <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Robert Haas @ 2014-09-03 19:46 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Martijn van Oosterhout <[email protected]>; +Cc: Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>; Tom Lane <[email protected]>; Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On Tue, Sep 2, 2014 at 4:18 PM, Martijn van Oosterhout
<[email protected]> wrote:
> On Tue, Sep 02, 2014 at 09:44:17AM -0400, Bruce Momjian wrote:
>> On Sun, Aug 31, 2014 at 10:45:29PM +0200, Martijn van Oosterhout wrote:
>> > There is one situation where you need to be more flexible, and that is
>> > if you ever want to support online repartitioning. To do that you have
>> > to distinguish between "I want to insert tuple X, which partition
>> > should it go into" and "I want to know which partitions I need to look
>> > for partition_key=Y".
>>
>> I am unclear why having information per-partition rather than on the
>> parent table helps with online reparitioning.
>
> An example:
>
> We have three partitions, one for X<0 (A), one for 0<=X<5 (B) and one
> for X>=5 (C).  These are in three different tables.
>
> Now we give the command to merge the last two partitions B&C. You now
> have the choice to lock the table while you move all the tuples from C
> to B.
>
> Or you can make some adjustments such that new tuples that would have gone
> to C now go to B. And if there is a query for X=10 that you look in
> *both* B & C. Then the existing tuples can be moved from C to B at any
> time without blocking any other operations.
>
> Is this clearer? If you up front decide that which partition to query
> will be determined by a function that can only return one table, then
> the above becomes impossible.
>
>> Robert's idea of using normal table inheritance means we can access/move
>> the data independently of the partitioning system.  My guess is that we
>> will need to do repartitioning with some tool, rather than as part of
>> normal database operation.
>
> Doing it as some tool seems like a hack to me. And since the idea was (I
> thought) that partitions would not be directly accessable from SQL, it
> has to be in the database itself.

I agree.  My main point about reusing the inheritance stuff is that
we've done over the years is that we shouldn't reinvent the wheel, but
rather build on what we've already got.

If the proposed design somehow involved treating all of the partitions
as belonging to the same TID space (which doesn't really seem
possible, but let's suspend disbelief) so that you could have a single
index that covers all the partitions, and the system would somehow
work out which TIDs live in which physical files, then it would be
reasonable to view the storage layer as an accident that higher levels
of the system don't need to know anything about.

But the actual proposal involves having multiple relations that have
to get planned just like real tables, and that means all the
optimizations that we've done on gathering statistics for inheritance
hierarchies, and MergeAppend, and every other bit of planner smarts
that we have will be applicable to this new method, too.  Let's not do
anything that forces us to reinvent all of those things.

Now, to be fair, one could certainly argue (and I would agree) that
the existing optimizations are insufficient.  In particular, the fact
that SELECT * FROM partitioned_table WHERE not_the_partitioning_key =
1 has to be planned separately for every partition is horrible, and
the fact that SELECT * FROM partitioned_table WHERE partitioning_key =
1 has to use an algorithm that is both O(n) in the partition count and
has a relatively high constant factor to exclude all of the
non-matching partitions also sucks.  But I think we're better off
trying to view those as further optimizations that we can apply to
certain special cases of partitioning - e.g. when the partitioning
syntax is used, constrain all the tables to have identical tuple
descriptors and matching indexes (and maybe constraints) so that when
you plan, you can do it once and then used the transposed plan for all
partitions.  Figuring out how to do run-time partition pruning would
be awesome, too.

But I don't see that any of this stuff gets easier by ignoring what's
already been built; then you're likely to spend all your time
reinventing the crap we've already done, and any cases where the new
system misses an optimization that's been achieved in the current
system become unpleasant dilemmas for our users.

-- 
Robert Haas
EnterpriseDB: http://www.enterprisedb.com
The Enterprise PostgreSQL Company


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* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-10-13 19:27  Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>
  parent: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  6 siblings, 1 reply; 307+ messages in thread

From: Bruce Momjian @ 2014-10-13 19:27 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers

On Fri, Aug 29, 2014 at 11:56:07AM -0400, Alvaro Herrera wrote:
> Prompted by a comment in the UPDATE/LIMIT thread, I saw Marko Tiikkaja
> reference Tom's post
> http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/[email protected]
> which mentions the possibility of a different partitioning
> implementation than what we have so far.  As it turns out, I've been
> thinking about partitioning recently, so I thought I would share what
> I'm thinking so that others can poke holes.  My intention is to try to
> implement this as soon as possible.

I realize there hasn't been much progress on this thread, but I wanted
to chime in to say I think our current partitioning implementation is
too heavy administratively, error-prone, and performance-heavy.  

I support a redesign of this feature.  I think the current mixture of
inheritance, triggers/rules, and check constraints can be properly
characterized as a Frankenstein solution, where we paste together parts
until we get something that works --- our partitioning badly needs a
redesign.

-- 
  Bruce Momjian  <[email protected]>        http://momjian.us
  EnterpriseDB                             http://enterprisedb.com

  + Everyone has their own god. +


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* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-10-13 19:38  Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  parent: Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 307+ messages in thread

From: Alvaro Herrera @ 2014-10-13 19:38 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers

Bruce Momjian wrote:
> On Fri, Aug 29, 2014 at 11:56:07AM -0400, Alvaro Herrera wrote:
> > Prompted by a comment in the UPDATE/LIMIT thread, I saw Marko Tiikkaja
> > reference Tom's post
> > http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/[email protected]
> > which mentions the possibility of a different partitioning
> > implementation than what we have so far.  As it turns out, I've been
> > thinking about partitioning recently, so I thought I would share what
> > I'm thinking so that others can poke holes.  My intention is to try to
> > implement this as soon as possible.
> 
> I realize there hasn't been much progress on this thread, but I wanted
> to chime in to say I think our current partitioning implementation is
> too heavy administratively, error-prone, and performance-heavy.  

On the contrary, I think there was lots of progress; there's lots of
useful feedback from the initial design proposal I posted.  I am a bit
sad to admit that I'm not working on it at the moment as I had
originally planned, though, because other priorities slipped in and I am
not able to work on this for a while.  Therefore if someone else wants
to work on this topic, be my guest -- otherwise I hope to get on it in a
few months.

> I support a redesign of this feature.  I think the current mixture of
> inheritance, triggers/rules, and check constraints can be properly
> characterized as a Frankenstein solution, where we paste together parts
> until we get something that works --- our partitioning badly needs a
> redesign.

Agreed, and I don't think just hiding the stitches is good enough.

-- 
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PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Training & Services


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-10-13 19:43  Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>
  parent: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 307+ messages in thread

From: Bruce Momjian @ 2014-10-13 19:43 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers

On Mon, Oct 13, 2014 at 04:38:39PM -0300, Alvaro Herrera wrote:
> Bruce Momjian wrote:
> > On Fri, Aug 29, 2014 at 11:56:07AM -0400, Alvaro Herrera wrote:
> > > Prompted by a comment in the UPDATE/LIMIT thread, I saw Marko Tiikkaja
> > > reference Tom's post
> > > http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/[email protected]
> > > which mentions the possibility of a different partitioning
> > > implementation than what we have so far.  As it turns out, I've been
> > > thinking about partitioning recently, so I thought I would share what
> > > I'm thinking so that others can poke holes.  My intention is to try to
> > > implement this as soon as possible.
> > 
> > I realize there hasn't been much progress on this thread, but I wanted
> > to chime in to say I think our current partitioning implementation is
> > too heavy administratively, error-prone, and performance-heavy.  
> 
> On the contrary, I think there was lots of progress; there's lots of
> useful feedback from the initial design proposal I posted.  I am a bit
> sad to admit that I'm not working on it at the moment as I had
> originally planned, though, because other priorities slipped in and I am
> not able to work on this for a while.  Therefore if someone else wants
> to work on this topic, be my guest -- otherwise I hope to get on it in a
> few months.

Oh, I just meant code progress --- I agree the discussion was fruitful.

> > I support a redesign of this feature.  I think the current mixture of
> > inheritance, triggers/rules, and check constraints can be properly
> > characterized as a Frankenstein solution, where we paste together parts
> > until we get something that works --- our partitioning badly needs a
> > redesign.
> 
> Agreed, and I don't think just hiding the stitches is good enough.

LOL, yeah.  I do training on partitioning occasionally and the potential
for mistakes is huge.

-- 
  Bruce Momjian  <[email protected]>        http://momjian.us
  EnterpriseDB                             http://enterprisedb.com

  + Everyone has their own god. +


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-10-27 07:52  Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  parent: Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 307+ messages in thread

From: Amit Langote @ 2014-10-27 07:52 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: 'Bruce Momjian' <[email protected]>; 'Alvaro Herrera' <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers


Hi,

> On Mon, Oct 13, 2014 at 04:38:39PM -0300, Alvaro Herrera wrote:
> > Bruce Momjian wrote:
> > > I realize there hasn't been much progress on this thread, but I wanted
> > > to chime in to say I think our current partitioning implementation is
> > > too heavy administratively, error-prone, and performance-heavy.
> >
> > On the contrary, I think there was lots of progress; there's lots of
> > useful feedback from the initial design proposal I posted.  I am a bit
> > sad to admit that I'm not working on it at the moment as I had
> > originally planned, though, because other priorities slipped in and I am
> > not able to work on this for a while.  Therefore if someone else wants
> > to work on this topic, be my guest -- otherwise I hope to get on it in a
> > few months.
> 
> Oh, I just meant code progress --- I agree the discussion was fruitful.
> 

FWIW, I think Robert's criticism regarding not basing this on inheritance
scheme was not responded to. He mentions a patch by Itagaki-san (four years
ago, abandoned unfortunately); details here:

https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Table_partitioning#Active_Work_In_Progress

This patch could be resurrected fixing some parts of it as was suggested at
the time. But, the most important decisions regarding the patch like storage
structure, syntax etc. would require building some consensus whether this is a
worthwhile direction. At least some consideration must be given to the idea
that we might want to have remote partitions backed by FDW infrastructure in
near future, although that may not be the primary goal of partitioning effort.
What do others think?

--
Amit




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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-10-27 09:29  Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  parent: Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 307+ messages in thread

From: Alvaro Herrera @ 2014-10-27 09:29 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Amit Langote <[email protected]>; +Cc: 'Bruce Momjian' <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

Amit Langote wrote:

> > On Mon, Oct 13, 2014 at 04:38:39PM -0300, Alvaro Herrera wrote:
> > > Bruce Momjian wrote:
> > > > I realize there hasn't been much progress on this thread, but I wanted
> > > > to chime in to say I think our current partitioning implementation is
> > > > too heavy administratively, error-prone, and performance-heavy.
> > >
> > > On the contrary, I think there was lots of progress; there's lots of
> > > useful feedback from the initial design proposal I posted.  I am a bit
> > > sad to admit that I'm not working on it at the moment as I had
> > > originally planned, though, because other priorities slipped in and I am
> > > not able to work on this for a while.  Therefore if someone else wants
> > > to work on this topic, be my guest -- otherwise I hope to get on it in a
> > > few months.
> > 
> > Oh, I just meant code progress --- I agree the discussion was fruitful.
> 
> FWIW, I think Robert's criticism regarding not basing this on inheritance
> scheme was not responded to.

It was responded to by ignoring it.  I didn't see anybody else
supporting the idea that inheritance is in any way a sane thing to base
partitioning on.  Sure, we have accumulated lots of kludges over the
years to cope with the fact that, really, it doesn't work very well.  So
what.  We can keep them, I don't care.

Anyway as I said above, I'm not particularly interested in any more
discussion on this topic for the time being, since I don't have time to
work on this patch.  If anybody wants to continue discussing to improve
the design some more, and even implement it or parts of it, that's fine
with me -- but please expect me not to answer.

-- 
Álvaro Herrera                http://www.2ndQuadrant.com/
PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Training & Services


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-10-27 11:44  Andres Freund <[email protected]>
  parent: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 307+ messages in thread

From: Andres Freund @ 2014-10-27 11:44 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; +Cc: Amit Langote <[email protected]>; 'Bruce Momjian' <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On 2014-10-27 06:29:33 -0300, Alvaro Herrera wrote:
> Amit Langote wrote:
> 
> > > On Mon, Oct 13, 2014 at 04:38:39PM -0300, Alvaro Herrera wrote:
> > > > Bruce Momjian wrote:
> > > > > I realize there hasn't been much progress on this thread, but I wanted
> > > > > to chime in to say I think our current partitioning implementation is
> > > > > too heavy administratively, error-prone, and performance-heavy.
> > > >
> > > > On the contrary, I think there was lots of progress; there's lots of
> > > > useful feedback from the initial design proposal I posted.  I am a bit
> > > > sad to admit that I'm not working on it at the moment as I had
> > > > originally planned, though, because other priorities slipped in and I am
> > > > not able to work on this for a while.  Therefore if someone else wants
> > > > to work on this topic, be my guest -- otherwise I hope to get on it in a
> > > > few months.
> > > 
> > > Oh, I just meant code progress --- I agree the discussion was fruitful.
> > 
> > FWIW, I think Robert's criticism regarding not basing this on inheritance
> > scheme was not responded to.
> 
> It was responded to by ignoring it.  I didn't see anybody else
> supporting the idea that inheritance is in any way a sane thing to base
> partitioning on.  Sure, we have accumulated lots of kludges over the
> years to cope with the fact that, really, it doesn't work very well.  So
> what.  We can keep them, I don't care.

As far as I understdood Robert's criticism it was more about the
internals, than about the userland representation. To me it's absolutely
clear that 'real partitioning' userland shouldn't be based on the
current hacks to allow it. But I do think that a first step very well
might reuse the planner/executor smarts about it. Even a good chunk of
the tablecmd.c logic might be reusable for individual partitions without
much change.

Greetings,

Andres Freund

-- 
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 PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Training & Services


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-10-28 05:34  Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  parent: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 307+ messages in thread

From: Amit Langote @ 2014-10-28 05:34 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: 'Andres Freund' <[email protected]>; 'Alvaro Herrera' <[email protected]>; +Cc: 'Bruce Momjian' <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers


Hi,

> From: Andres Freund [mailto:[email protected]]
> On 2014-10-27 06:29:33 -0300, Alvaro Herrera wrote:
> > Amit Langote wrote:
> > > FWIW, I think Robert's criticism regarding not basing this on
inheritance
> > > scheme was not responded to.
> >
> > It was responded to by ignoring it.  I didn't see anybody else
> > supporting the idea that inheritance is in any way a sane thing to base
> > partitioning on.  Sure, we have accumulated lots of kludges over the
> > years to cope with the fact that, really, it doesn't work very well.  So
> > what.  We can keep them, I don't care.
> 
> As far as I understdood Robert's criticism it was more about the
> internals, than about the userland representation. To me it's absolutely
> clear that 'real partitioning' userland shouldn't be based on the
> current hacks to allow it. 

For my understanding: 

By partitioning 'userland' representation, do you mean an implementation
choice where a partition is literally an inheritance child of the partitioned
table as registered in pg_inherits? Or something else?

Thanks,
Amit




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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-10-28 10:06  'Andres Freund' <[email protected]>
  parent: Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 307+ messages in thread

From: 'Andres Freund' @ 2014-10-28 10:06 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Amit Langote <[email protected]>; +Cc: 'Alvaro Herrera' <[email protected]>; 'Bruce Momjian' <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On 2014-10-28 14:34:22 +0900, Amit Langote wrote:
> 
> Hi,
> 
> > From: Andres Freund [mailto:[email protected]]
> > On 2014-10-27 06:29:33 -0300, Alvaro Herrera wrote:
> > > Amit Langote wrote:
> > > > FWIW, I think Robert's criticism regarding not basing this on
> inheritance
> > > > scheme was not responded to.
> > >
> > > It was responded to by ignoring it.  I didn't see anybody else
> > > supporting the idea that inheritance is in any way a sane thing to base
> > > partitioning on.  Sure, we have accumulated lots of kludges over the
> > > years to cope with the fact that, really, it doesn't work very well.  So
> > > what.  We can keep them, I don't care.
> > 
> > As far as I understdood Robert's criticism it was more about the
> > internals, than about the userland representation. To me it's absolutely
> > clear that 'real partitioning' userland shouldn't be based on the
> > current hacks to allow it. 
> 
> For my understanding: 
> 
> By partitioning 'userland' representation, do you mean an implementation
> choice where a partition is literally an inheritance child of the partitioned
> table as registered in pg_inherits? Or something else?

Yes, I mean explicit usage of INHERITS.

In my opinion we can reuse (some of) the existing logic for INHERITS to
implement "proper" partitioning, but that should be an implementation
detail.

Greetings,

Andres Freund

-- 
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-10-28 12:19  Robert Haas <[email protected]>
  parent: 'Andres Freund' <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 307+ messages in thread

From: Robert Haas @ 2014-10-28 12:19 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andres Freund <[email protected]>; +Cc: Amit Langote <[email protected]>; Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On Tue, Oct 28, 2014 at 6:06 AM, Andres Freund <[email protected]> wrote:
> In my opinion we can reuse (some of) the existing logic for INHERITS to
> implement "proper" partitioning, but that should be an implementation
> detail.

Sure, that would be a sensible way to do it.  I mostly care about not
throwing out all the work that's been done on the planner and
executor.  Maybe you're thinking we'll eventually replace that with
something better, which is fine, but I wouldn't underestimate the
effort to make that happen.  For example, I think it's be sensible for
the first patch to just add some new user-visible syntax with some
additional catalog representation that doesn't actually do all that
much yet.  Then subsequent patches could use that additional metadata
to optimize partition prune, implement tuple routing, etc.

-- 
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EnterpriseDB: http://www.enterprisedb.com
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* Re: On partitioning
@ 2014-10-28 12:23  Andres Freund <[email protected]>
  parent: Robert Haas <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Andres Freund @ 2014-10-28 12:23 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Robert Haas <[email protected]>; +Cc: Amit Langote <[email protected]>; Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On 2014-10-28 08:19:36 -0400, Robert Haas wrote:
> On Tue, Oct 28, 2014 at 6:06 AM, Andres Freund <[email protected]> wrote:
> > In my opinion we can reuse (some of) the existing logic for INHERITS to
> > implement "proper" partitioning, but that should be an implementation
> > detail.
> 
> Sure, that would be a sensible way to do it.  I mostly care about not
> throwing out all the work that's been done on the planner and
> executor.

In that ase I'm not sure if there's actual disagreement here.

Greetings,

Andres Freund

-- 
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* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source
@ 2025-07-27 15:48  Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 307+ messages in thread

From: Lukas Fittl @ 2025-07-27 15:48 UTC (permalink / raw)

In passing also reduce the per-loop overhead caused by repeated divisions
in INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC when the ticks variable has become very large,
instead diff first and then turn it into nanosecs.
---
 src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++------
 src/include/portability/instr_time.h    | 30 ++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
index a5621251afc..b77ef2063b6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/pg_test_timing.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const char *progname;
 
 static unsigned int test_duration = 3;
 static double max_rprct = 99.99;
+static bool fast_timing = false;
 
 /* record duration in powers of 2 nanoseconds */
 static long long int histogram[32];
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	static struct option long_options[] = {
 		{"duration", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"cutoff", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"fast", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
 		{
-			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF]\n"), progname);
+			printf(_("Usage: %s [-d DURATION] [-c CUTOFF] [--fast]\n"), progname);
 			exit(0);
 		}
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	}
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:c:f:",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -125,6 +127,10 @@ handle_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 				}
 				break;
 
+			case 'f':
+				fast_timing = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						progname);
@@ -155,11 +161,31 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 	uint64		total_time;
 	int64		time_elapsed = 0;
 	uint64		loop_count = 0;
-	uint64		prev,
-				cur;
 	instr_time	start_time,
 				end_time,
-				temp;
+				prev,
+				cur;
+	char	   *time_source = NULL;
+	bool		fast_timing_used = false;
+
+	INSTR_TIME_INITIALIZE();
+
+#if !defined(WIN32) && defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
+	if (fast_timing && has_rdtsc)
+	{
+		time_source = "RDTSC";
+		fast_timing_used = true;
+	}
+	else if (has_rdtscp)
+		time_source = "RDTSCP";
+	else
+		time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#else
+	time_source = PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME;
+#endif
+	if (fast_timing && !fast_timing_used)
+		printf(_("Warning: Fast timing requested, but not available - regular timing source will be used\n"));
+	printf(_("Time source: %s\n"), time_source);
 
 	/*
 	 * Pre-zero the statistics data structures.  They're already zero by
@@ -173,8 +199,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 
 	total_time = duration > 0 ? duration * INT64CONST(1000000000) : 0;
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(start_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(start_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
+	cur = start_time;
 
 	while (time_elapsed < total_time)
 	{
@@ -182,9 +211,11 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 					bits;
 
 		prev = cur;
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(temp);
-		cur = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
-		diff = cur - prev;
+		if (fast_timing)
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(cur);
+		else
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(cur);
+		diff = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, prev);
 
 		/* Did time go backwards? */
 		if (unlikely(diff < 0))
@@ -217,11 +248,13 @@ test_timing(unsigned int duration)
 			largest_diff_count++;
 
 		loop_count++;
-		INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(temp, start_time);
-		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(temp);
+		time_elapsed = INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(cur, start_time);
 	}
 
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
+	if (fast_timing)
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST(end_time);
+	else
+		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end_time);
 
 	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(end_time, start_time);
 
diff --git a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
index e2e339a0c4f..f02296f1026 100644
--- a/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
+++ b/src/include/portability/instr_time.h
@@ -112,10 +112,13 @@ extern int64 max_ticks_no_overflow;
  */
 #if defined(__darwin__) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)"
 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC)"
 #else
 #define PG_INSTR_CLOCK	CLOCK_REALTIME
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME)"
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__linux__)
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ pg_get_ticks(void)
 }
 
 static inline int64_t
-pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
+pg_ticks_to_ns(int64 ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Would multiplication overflow? If so perform computation in two parts.
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 	 */
 	int64		ns = 0;
 
-	if (unlikely(t.ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
+	if (unlikely(ticks > max_ticks_no_overflow))
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Compute how often the maximum number of ticks fits completely into
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * value. In a 2nd step we adjust the number of elapsed ticks and
 		 * convert the remaining ticks.
 		 */
-		int64		count = t.ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		int64		count = ticks / max_ticks_no_overflow;
 		int64		max_ns = max_ticks_no_overflow * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 
 		ns = max_ns * count;
@@ -201,11 +204,11 @@ pg_ticks_to_ns(instr_time t)
 		 * Subtract the ticks that we now already accounted for, so that they
 		 * don't get counted twice.
 		 */
-		t.ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
-		Assert(t.ticks >= 0);
+		ticks -= count * max_ticks_no_overflow;
+		Assert(ticks >= 0);
 	}
 
-	ns += t.ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
+	ns += ticks * ticks_per_ns_scaled / TICKS_TO_NS_PRECISION;
 	return ns;
 }
 
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ pg_initialize_get_ticks()
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_get_ticks())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	pg_ticks_to_ns(t)
-
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	(pg_ticks_to_ns(ticks))
 
 #else							/* WIN32 */
 
 
 /* Use QueryPerformanceCounter() */
+#define PG_INSTR_CLOCK_NAME	"QueryPerformanceCounter"
 
 /* helper for INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT / INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT_FAST */
 static inline instr_time
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(t) \
 	((t) = pg_query_performance_counter())
 
-#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
-	((int64) ((t).ticks * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
+#define INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC(ticks) \
+	((int64) ((ticks) * ((double) NS_PER_S / GetTimerFrequency())))
 
 #endif							/* WIN32 */
 
@@ -285,9 +288,14 @@ GetTimerFrequency(void)
 #define INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(x,y) \
 	((x).ticks -= (y).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_DIFF_NANOSEC(x,y) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((x).ticks - (y).ticks))
+
 #define INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(x,y,z) \
 	((x).ticks += (y).ticks - (z).ticks)
 
+#define INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) \
+	(INSTR_TIME_TICKS_TO_NANOSEC((t).ticks))
 
 #define INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) \
 	((double) INSTR_TIME_GET_NANOSEC(t) / NS_PER_S)
-- 
2.47.3


--vtqqtrpooseurzip--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 307+ messages in thread


end of thread, other threads:[~2025-07-27 15:48 UTC | newest]

Thread overview: 307+ messages (download: mbox mbox.gz follow: Atom feed)
-- links below jump to the message on this page --
2014-08-29 15:56 On partitioning Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
2014-08-29 16:35 ` Tom Lane <[email protected]>
2014-08-29 16:41   ` Pavel Stehule <[email protected]>
2014-08-31 20:45   ` Martijn van Oosterhout <[email protected]>
2014-09-02 13:44     ` Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>
2014-09-02 20:18       ` Martijn van Oosterhout <[email protected]>
2014-09-03 19:46         ` Robert Haas <[email protected]>
2014-08-29 16:38 ` Greg Stark <[email protected]>
2014-08-29 16:52   ` Tom Lane <[email protected]>
2014-08-29 17:12     ` Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
2014-08-29 17:15       ` Tom Lane <[email protected]>
2014-08-29 17:22         ` Andres Freund <[email protected]>
2014-08-29 17:29           ` Tom Lane <[email protected]>
2014-08-29 17:47             ` Andres Freund <[email protected]>
2014-08-29 17:56               ` Tom Lane <[email protected]>
2014-08-29 17:47         ` Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
2014-08-29 18:12         ` Hannu Krosing <[email protected]>
2014-08-29 19:19           ` Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
2014-09-01 15:52           ` Andres Freund <[email protected]>
2014-09-01 17:09             ` Hannu Krosing <[email protected]>
2014-09-02 04:52             ` Craig Ringer <[email protected]>
2014-08-29 18:32 ` Hannu Krosing <[email protected]>
2014-08-29 19:20 ` Robert Haas <[email protected]>
2014-08-30 02:39 ` Amit Langote <[email protected]>
2014-08-31 20:03 ` Tom Lane <[email protected]>
2014-08-31 20:38   ` Hannu Krosing <[email protected]>
2014-09-01 15:44   ` Greg Stark <[email protected]>
2014-09-01 15:59     ` Tom Lane <[email protected]>
2014-09-01 16:07       ` Greg Stark <[email protected]>
2014-09-01 16:09       ` Andres Freund <[email protected]>
2014-09-01 16:12       ` Heikki Linnakangas <[email protected]>
2014-09-01 16:02   ` Andres Freund <[email protected]>
2014-09-02 04:58   ` Craig Ringer <[email protected]>
2014-10-13 19:27 ` Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>
2014-10-13 19:38   ` Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
2014-10-13 19:43     ` Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>
2014-10-27 07:52       ` Amit Langote <[email protected]>
2014-10-27 09:29         ` Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
2014-10-27 11:44           ` Andres Freund <[email protected]>
2014-10-28 05:34             ` Amit Langote <[email protected]>
2014-10-28 10:06               ` 'Andres Freund' <[email protected]>
2014-10-28 12:19                 ` Robert Haas <[email protected]>
2014-10-28 12:23                   ` Andres Freund <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
2025-07-27 15:48 [PATCH v12 3/3] pg_test_timing: Add --fast flag to test fast timing, report time source Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>

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